SICE - Canada - Korea Free Trade Agreement

Agreements

Disciplines

Trade Policy Developments

Free Trade Agreement Between Canada and The Republic of Korea

Preamble

Canada (“Canada”) and the Republic of Korea (“Korea”), hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”, resolved to:

Strengthen the special bonds of friendship and cooperation among their peoples;

Contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world and regional trade and to provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation;

Build on their respective rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement and other multilateral, regional, and bilateral instruments of cooperation to which both Parties are party;

Promote regional integration in the Asia-Pacific region;

Create an expanded and secure market for the goods and services in their territories, as well as new employment opportunities and improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories;

Recognise that the promotion and the protection of investments of investors of a Party in the territory of the other Party will be conducive to the stimulation of mutually beneficial business activity;

Reduce distortions to trade;

Establish clear, transparent, and mutually advantageous rules to govern their trade;

Ensure a predictable commercial framework for business planning and investment;

Enhance the competitiveness of their enterprises in global markets;

Undertake each of the preceding in a manner that is consistent with environmental protection and conservation, reflecting their desire to enhance the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, and strengthen cooperation on environmental matters;

Protect, enhance, and enforce basic workers’ rights, and strengthen cooperation on labour matters;

Promote sustainable development;

Preserve their flexibility to safeguard the public welfare;

Promote cultural cooperation and recognise that the Parties have the right to preserve, develop, and implement their cultural policies and to support their cultural industries for the purpose of strengthening the diversity of cultural expressions; and

Affirm their commitment to respect the values and principles of democracy and to protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms identified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;

Have agreed as follows:

Chapter One

Initial Provisions and General Definitions

Section A – Initial Provisions

Article 1.1: Establishment of a Free Trade Area

Consistent with Article XXIV of GATT 1994 and Article V of GATS, the Parties hereby establish a free trade area, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

Article 1.2: Relation to Other Agreements

The Parties affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under the WTO Agreement and other agreements to which both Parties are party.

Article 1.3: Relation to Multilateral Environmental Agreements

In the event of an inconsistency between a Party’s obligations under this Agreement and the Party’s obligations under an agreement listed in Annex 1-A, a Party is not precluded from taking a particular measure necessary to comply with its obligations under an agreement listed in Annex 1-A, provided that the measure is not applied in a manner that would constitute, where the same conditions prevail, arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, or a disguised restriction on international trade.

Article 1.4: Extent of Obligations

Article 1.5: Reference to Other Agreements

Where this Agreement refers to or incorporates by reference other agreements or legal instruments in whole or in part, those references include related footnotes, interpretative and explanatory notes, protocols, annexes, appendices, et cetera that are integral parts of the agreements or legal instruments.

Article 1.6: Cultural Cooperation

Article 1.7: Bilateral Trade and Investment Promotion in the Automotive Sector

The Parties shall cooperate to promote bilateral trade and investment in the automotive sector, which allows the Parties to realise the benefits of global production and supply chains.

Section B – General Definitions

Article 1.8: Definitions of General Application

For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified:

Commission means the Joint Commission established under Article 20.1 (Joint Commission);

customs duty includes any customs or import duty and a charge of any kind imposed on or in connection with the importation of a good, including a form of surtax or surcharge in connection with such importation, but does not include:

Customs Valuation Agreement means the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, contained in Annex 1A to the WTO Agreement;

days means calendar days, including weekends and holidays;

Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, contained in Annex 2 to the WTO Agreement;

enterprise means an entity constituted or organised under applicable law, whether or not for profit, and whether privately or governmentally-owned or controlled, including a corporation, trust, partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture, or other association;

existing means in effect on the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

GATS means the General Agreement on Trade in Services, contained in Annex 1B to the WTO Agreement;

GATT 1994 means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, contained in Annex 1A to the WTO Agreement;

GPA means the Agreement on Government Procurement, contained in Annex 4 to the WTO Agreement;

Harmonized System (HS) means the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, including its General Rules of Interpretation, Section Notes, Chapter Notes and subheading Notes;

heading means any four-digit number, or the first four digits of a number, used in the nomenclature of the Harmonized System;

measure includes a law, regulation, procedure, requirement or practice;

national means a natural person who is:

New York Convention means the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York on 10 June 1958;

originating means qualifying under the rules of origin set out in Chapter Three (Rules of Origin);

person means a natural person or an enterprise;

person of a Party means a national of a Party, or an enterprise of a Party;

Safeguards Agreement means the Agreement on Safeguards, contained in Annex1A to the WTO Agreement;

sanitary or phytosanitary measure means any measure referred to in paragraph 1 of Annex A of the SPS Agreement;

SPS Agreement means the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, contained in Annex 1A to the WTO Agreement;

state enterprise means, except as set out in Annex 15-A (Country-Specific Definitions of State Enterprise), an enterprise owned or controlled through ownership interests, by a Party;

subheading means any six-digit number, or the first six digits of a number, used in the nomenclature of the Harmonized System;

tariff classification means the classification of a good or material under a chapter, heading or subheading of the Harmonized System;

TRIPS Agreement means the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, contained in Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement;

Universal Declaration of Human Rights means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948;

WTO means the World Trade Organization; and

WTO Agreement means the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, done on 15 April 1994, or any successor agreement to which both Parties are party.

Article 1.9: Country-Specific Definitions

For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified:

national government means:

sub-national government means:

province means:

territory means:

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Annex 1-A

Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal,

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Chapter Two

National Treatment and Market Access for Goods

Article 2.1: Scope and Coverage

Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, this Chapter applies to trade in goods of a Party.

Section A – National Treatment

Article 2.2: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord national treatment to the goods of the other Party in accordance with Article III of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretative notes, and to this end Article III of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretative notes, or an equivalent provision of a successor agreement to which both Parties are party, are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement.

2. The treatment to be accorded by a Party pursuant to paragraph 1 means, with respect to a sub-national government, treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment that sub-national government accords to like, directly competitive or substitutable goods of the Party of which it forms a part.

3. Paragraph 1 does not apply to the measures set out in Annex 2-A.

Section B – Tariffs

Article 2.3: Tariff Elimination

1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a Party shall not increase an existing customs duty, or adopt a customs duty, on an originating good.

2. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Party shall progressively eliminate its customs duties on originating goods in accordance with its Schedule to Annex 2-D.

3. Each party shall apply to an originating good the lesser of:

4. At the request of a Party, the Parties shall consult to consider accelerating the elimination of customs duties on a good after the entry into force of this Agreement. An agreement between the Parties to accelerate elimination of customs duties on an originating good shall supersede a duty rate or staging category determined pursuant to their Schedules for that good when approved by each Party in accordance with its applicable domestic legal procedures.

5. For greater certainty, a Party may:

Article 2.4: Temporary Admission of Goods

1. Each Party shall grant duty-free temporary admission for the following goods imported from the territory of the other Party, regardless of their origin and regardless of whether like, directly competitive or substitutable goods are available in the territory of the Party:

2. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a Party shall not condition the duty-free temporary admission of a good under paragraph 1(a), (b), or (c), other than to require that the good:

3. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a Party shall not condition the duty-free temporary admission of a good under paragraph 1(d), other than to require that the good:

4. If a good is temporarily admitted duty-free pursuant to paragraph 1 and a condition that the Party imposes pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 has not been fulfilled, a Party may impose:

5. Subject to Chapters Eight (Investment) and Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services):

Article 2.5: Duty-Free Entry of Certain Commercial Samples and Printed Advertising Materials

Each Party shall grant duty-free entry to commercial samples of negligible value, and to printed advertising materials, imported from the territory of the other Party, regardless of their origin, but may require that:

Article 2.6: Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration

1. Except as provided in Annex 2-E, a Party shall not apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, that re-enters its territory after that good has been temporarily exported from its territory to the territory of the other Party for repair or alteration, regardless of whether the repair or alteration could be performed in its territory. ²

2. A Party shall not apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, imported temporarily from the territory of the other Party for repair or alteration.

Section C – Non-Tariff Measures

Article 2.7: Import and Export Restrictions

1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a Party shall not adopt or maintain a prohibition or restriction on the importation of a good of the other Party, or on the exportation or sale for export of a good destined for the territory of the other Party, except in accordance with Article XI of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretative notes, and to this end Article XI of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretative notes, or an equivalent provision of a successor agreement to which both Parties are party, are incorporated into and made a part of this Agreement.

2. The Parties understand that the GATT 1994 rights and obligations incorporated by paragraph 1 prohibit, in any circumstances in which any other form of restriction is prohibited, export price requirements and, except as permitted in enforcement of countervailing and antidumping orders and undertakings, import price requirements.

3. If a Party adopts or maintains a prohibition or restriction on the importation from, or exportation to, a non-party of a good, this Agreement is not to be construed to prevent the Party from:

4. If a Party adopts or maintains a prohibition or restriction on the importation of a good from a non-party, on request of the other Party, the Parties shall consult with a view to avoiding undue interference with, or distortion of, pricing, marketing, and distribution arrangements in the other Party.

5. Paragraphs 1 through 4 do not apply to the measures set out in Annex 2-A.

Article 2.8: Export Duties, Taxes or Other Charges

A Party shall not adopt or maintain duties, taxes, or other charges on the export of a good to the territory of the other Party, unless the duties, taxes, or charges are also adopted or maintained on the good when destined for domestic consumption.

Article 2.9: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment for Internal Taxes and Emissions Regulations

With respect to internal taxes and emissions regulations related to automotive goods, each Party shall accord to the products originating in the other Party no less favourable treatment than that accorded to the like products originating in a non-party, including as provided in any free trade agreement with that non-party.

Article 2.10: Customs User Fees

1. A Party shall not adopt or maintain a customs user fee or other similar charge in connection with importation of a good of the other Party that is not commensurate with the cost of services rendered.

2. The Parties affirm that nothing in this Article modifies Article VIII of the GATT 1994 as it applies between them.

Article 2.11: Customs Valuation Agreement

The Customs Valuation Agreement or any successor agreement to which both Parties are party shall govern the customs valuation rules applied by the Parties to their reciprocal trade.

Article 2.12: Agricultural Safeguard Measures

1. Notwithstanding Article 2.3, a Party may impose an agricultural safeguard measure in the form of a higher import duty, consistent with paragraphs 2 through 7, on an originating agricultural good listed in its Schedule to Annex 2-F, if the aggregate volume of imports of a good in a year exceeds a trigger level as set out in its Schedule to Annex 2-F.

2. The duty pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not exceed the lesser of the prevailing most-favoured-nation (MFN) applied rate, or the MFN applied rate of duty in effect on the day immediately preceding the date of entry into force of this Agreement, or the tariff rate set out in its Schedule to Annex 2-F.

3. The duty imposed pursuant to paragraph 1 shall be set according to the Party’s Schedule to Annex 2-F and shall only be maintained until the end of the year, as defined in Annex 2-D, in which it has been imposed.

4. A Party shall not apply or maintain an agricultural safeguard measure and at the same time apply or maintain, with respect to the same good:

5. Each Party shall implement an agricultural safeguard measure in a transparent manner. Within 60 days after imposing a measure, the Party applying the measure shall notify the other Party in writing and shall provide it with relevant data concerning the measure. On the written request of the exporting Party, the Parties shall consult regarding the application of the measure.

6. The implementation and operation of this Article may be the subject of discussion and review in the Committee on Trade in Goods or in a sub-committee established under Article 2.14.

7. A Party shall not apply or maintain an agricultural safeguard measure on an originating agricultural good:

Article 2.13: Administration and Implementation of TRQs

1. A Party that has established TRQs as set out in Annex 2-G shall implement and administer these TRQs in accordance with Article XIII of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretive notes, and the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, and any other WTO agreement.

2. A Party shall ensure that:

3. Over the course of each year, the administering authority of a Party shall publish, in a timely fashion on its designated publicly available Internet site, administration procedures, utilisation rates, and remaining available quantities for each of the TRQs.

4. A Party shall notify the other Party of new or modified administration of TRQs established in Annex 2-G prior to its application.

5. A Party shall make every effort to administer its TRQs in a manner that allows importers to fully utilise them. On the written request of a Party, the Parties shall discuss a Party’s administration of its TRQs at the next meeting of Committee on Trade in Goods to arrive at a mutually satisfactory agreement. The Parties shall consider prevailing supply and demand conditions in the discussions.

Section D – Committee on Trade in Goods

Article 2.14: Committee on Trade in Goods

1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Trade in Goods, composed of representatives of each Party.

2. The Committee shall meet periodically, and at any other time at the request of either Party or the Commission, to ensure the effective implementation and administration of this Chapter. In this regard, the Committee shall:

3. If the Committee fails to resolve a matter referred to it within 30 days of such referral, either Party may request a meeting of the Commission under Article 20.1 (Joint Commission).

4. Upon written request of a Party, a sub-committee shall be established and convene a meeting of relevant officials from each Party within 90 days or at a mutually agreed time for discussions with a view to resolving issues resulting from the implementation and administration of this Chapter and its Annexes. The sub-committee may refer to the Committee any matter for its consideration.

5. Each Party shall, to the extent practicable, take all necessary measures to implement modifications of, or additions to, this Chapter within 180 days of the date on which the Commission agrees on the modification or addition.

6. This Chapter is not to be construed to prevent a Party from issuing a determination of origin or an advance ruling relating to a matter under consideration by the Committee or from taking other action it considers necessary, pending a resolution of the matter under this Agreement.

7. The Parties hereby establish a Sub-Committee on Trade in Forest Products as set out in Annex 2-B.

8. The Parties hereby establish a Sub-Committee on Trade in Automotive Goods as set out in Annex 2-C.

Section E – Definitions

Article 2.15: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

advertising films and recordings means recorded visual media or audio materials, consisting essentially of images or sound, showing the nature or operation of a good or service offered for sale or lease by a person established or resident in the territory of a Party, provided that those materials are of a kind suitable for exhibition to a prospective customer but not for broadcast to the general public, and provided that they are imported in a packet that contains no more than one copy of each film or recording and that does not form part of a larger consignment;

agricultural goods means the products listed in Annex 1 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture with any subsequent changes agreed in the WTO to be automatically effective for this Agreement;

automotive good means all forms of motor vehicles, systems, and parts thereof falling under Chapters 40, 84, 85, 87, and 94 of the Harmonized System, except for the following goods:

commercial samples of negligible value means commercial samples having a value, individually or in the aggregate as shipped, of not more than US$1, or the equivalent amount in the currency of a Party, or so marked, torn, perforated or otherwise treated that they are unsuitable for sale or for use except as commercial samples;

consumed means:

duty-free means free of customs duties;

goods imported for sports purposes means sports requisites for use in sports contests, demonstrations, or training in the territory of the Party into whose territory the goods are imported;

goods intended for display or demonstration includes their component parts, ancillary apparatus, and accessories;

goods of a Party means domestic products as understood in the GATT 1994 or goods as the Parties may agree, and includes originating goods of that Party;

printed advertising materials means those goods classified in Chapter 49 of the Harmonized System, including brochures, pamphlets, leaflets, trade catalogues, yearbooks published by trade associations, and tourist promotional materials and posters, that are used to promote, publicise, or advertise a good or service, are essentially intended to advertise a good or service, and are supplied free of charge;

repair or alteration does not include an operation or process that either destroys the essential characteristics of a good or creates a new or commercially different good; ⁴ and

tariff elimination schedule means the provisions of Annex 2-D.

Annex 2-A: Exceptions to Articles 2.2 and 2.7

Section A – Measures of Korea

1. Without prejudice to Canada’s rights under the WTO Agreement, Articles 2.2 and 2.7 shall not apply to:

Section B – Measures of Canada

2. Without prejudice to Korea’s rights under the WTO Agreement, Articles 2.2 and 2.7 shall not apply to:

Customs Tariff

Excise Act

Coasting Trade Act

3. With respect to paragraph 2(a)(i), Canada shall ensure that procedures under the Export and Import Permits Act (hereinafter referred to as the “EIPA”) controlling the export of logs are transparent, made available to the public, and shall notify Korea in writing of proposed amendments to the EIPA that relates to controls on the export of logs within 30 days of publication of such proposals. Canada will endeavour to ensure that EIPA procedures controlling the export of logs continue to be applied in a manner that does not constitute a disguised restriction on international trade. In respect of the export of logs, the Parties maintain their rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement, and any dispute regarding a matter relating to the export of logs shall be settled under the WTO.

Annex 2-B

Sub-Committee on Trade in Forest Products

1. The Parties hereby establish a Sub-Committee on Trade in Forest Products. The Sub-Committee shall include officials from each of the Parties, including international trade officials, regulatory officials, and those responsible for controls on the export of logs, and may include or consult with interested parties.

2.The Sub-Committee shall:

3. The Sub-Committee shall meet at the request of a Party.

4. The Sub-Committee shall report relevant activities and outcomes regularly to the Committee on Trade in Goods.

5. If a Party considers that Sub-Committee discussions have failed to resolve a matter related to trade in forest products, that Party may, on written notification to the other Party, refer the matter to the Committee on Trade in Goods.

Annex 2-C

Sub-Committee on Trade in Automotive Goods

1. The Parties hereby establish a Sub-Committee on Trade in Automotive Goods that shall:

2. The Sub-Committee may include or consult with other experts, stakeholders, and interested parties as the Parties deem necessary and appropriate.

3. The Sub-Committee shall meet annually at the request of a Party or as otherwise agreed by the Parties.

4. The Sub-Committee shall report relevant activities and outcomes to the Committee on Trade in Goods as the Parties deem necessary and appropriate.

Annex 2-D

Tariff Elimination

Section A – Staging Categories Applicable to both Parties

1. The classification of goods between the Parties is that set out in each Party’s respective tariff nomenclature in conformity with the Harmonized System.

2. As provided in each Party’s Schedule attached to this Annex, the following staging categories apply to the elimination of customs duties by each Party pursuant to Article 2.3.2:

3. For the purposes of this Annex, Annexes 2-F, 2-G, and a Party’s Schedule:

4. The base rate of customs duty for an item shall be the most-favoured-nation customs duty rate applied on January 1, 2011.

5. For the purpose of the elimination of customs duties in accordance with Article 2.3, interim staged rates shall be rounded down, except as set out in each Party’s Schedule attached to this Annex, at least to the nearest tenth of a percentage point or, if the rate of duty is expressed in monetary units, at least to the nearest 0.001 of the official monetary unit for Canada, and at least to the nearest 1 of the official monetary unit for Korea.

Section B – Staging Categories Applicable only to Korea

6. This Section applies only to goods listed in Korea’s Tariff Schedule, which is attached to this Annex.

Staging Categories:

Staging Category T
Year	Rate of Customs Duties (%)
Year One	4.2
Year Two	3.5
Year Three	2.8
Year Four	2.1
Year Five	1.4
Year Six	0.7
Year Seven	0

Staging Category U
Year	Rate of Customs Duties (%)
Year One	3.3
Year Two	1.6
Year Three	0

Schedule of Canada

(Tariff Schedule Attached as Separate Volume)

Schedule of Korea

(Tariff Schedule Attached as Separate Volume)

Annex 2-E

Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration

For the following goods of HS Chapter 89 that re-enter the territory of Canada from the territory of Korea, and are registered under the Canada Shipping Act, Canada may apply to the value of repair or alteration of such goods, the rate of customs duty for these goods in accordance with its Schedule to Annex 2-D:

Annex 2-F

Agricultural Safeguard Measures

Agricultural Safeguard List for Korea

Subject Goods, Trigger Levels, and Maximum Duties

1. This Annex sets out those originating goods that may be subject to agricultural safeguard measures under Article 2.12, the trigger levels for applying such measures, and the maximum duty that may be applied each year for each such good.

2. Agricultural safeguard measures shall not be applied or maintained after the date the safeguard duties set out below are zero.

Coverage: HSK 0201100000, 0201201000, 0201209000, 0201300000, 0202201000, 0202209000, 0202300000, 1602501000, and 1602509000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Trigger Level (MT)	17,769	18,302	18,851	19,417	19,999	20,599	21,217	21,854	22,509	23,185	23,880	24,596	25,334	26,094	26,877	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%) HSK 0201100000, 0201201000, 0201209000, 0201300000, 0202201000, 0202209000, 0202300000	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	43.2	43.2	43.2	43.2	43.2	0
Safeguard Duty (%) HSK 1602501000, 1602509000	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	54.0	54.0	54.0	54.0	54.0	43.2	43.2	43.2	43.2	43.2	0

Coverage: HSK 0203191000 and 0203199000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Trigger Level (MT)	6,818	7,091	7,374	7,669	7,976	8,295	8,627	8,972	9,331	9,704	10,092	10,496	10,916	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	15.8	14.6	13.5	12.4	11.3	10.1	9.0	7.9	0

Coverage: HSK 0203291000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Trigger Level (MT)	545	567	589	613	638	663	690	717	746	776	807	839	873	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	17.5	16.3	15.0	13.8	12.5	11.3	10.0	8.8	0

Coverage: HSK 0203299000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6
Trigger Level (MT)	60,986	63,425	65,962	68,601	71,345	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	25.0	20.0	17.5	15.0	12.5	0

Coverage: HSK 0808100000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Trigger Level (MT)	3,600	3,708	3,819	3,934	4,052	4,173	4,299	4,428	4,560	4,697	4,838	4,983	5,133	5,287	5,445	5,609	5,777	5,950	6,129	6,313	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	33.8	33.8	33.8	33.8	33.8	27.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	0

The trigger level is the total metric tonnes of all non-fuji varieties of apples being imported.

Coverage: HSK 0808201000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Trigger Level (MT)	223	230	237	244	251	259	266	274	282	291	300	309	318	327	337	347	358	369	380	391	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	33.8	33.8	33.8	33.8	33.8	27.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	0

The trigger level is the total metric tonnes of all non-Asian varieties of pears being imported.

Coverage: HSK 1003009010 and 1003009020

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Trigger Level (MT)	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)
1) 1003009010	324	324	324	324	324	243	243	243	243	243	194	194	194	194	194	0
2) 1003009020	299.7	299.7	299.7	299.7	299.7	224.8	224.8	224.8	224.8	224.8	179.7	179.7	179.7	179.7	179.7	0

For quantities entered at or below the safeguard duty trigger level, see paragraph 3 of Annex 2-G.

Coverage: HSK 1105100000 and 1105200000

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Trigger Level (MT)	500	500	500	500	500	500	500	500	500	500	N/A
Safeguard Duty (%)	304	304	304	304	304	228	228	228	228	228	0

Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Main Safeguard Trigger Level (MT)	238	298	357	417	476	500	524	547	571	595	619	643	666	690	714	N/A
Intermediate Safeguard Trigger Level (MT)	119	186	268	364	N/A
Main Safeguard Duty (%)	412	403	394	385	376	338	325	311	297	283	217	199	180	162	143	0
Intermediate Safeguard Duty (%)	55	40	25	15	N/A

For greater certainty, for years one through four, all quantities entered at or below the Intermediate Safeguard Trigger Level shall enter duty-free on a first-come, first-served basis, and all quantities entered above the Intermediate Safeguard Trigger Level and at or below the Main Safeguard Trigger Level shall enter at the Intermediate Safeguard Duty listed in the table above.

Beginning with year five, all quantities entered at or below the Main Safeguard Trigger Level shall enter duty-free on a first-come, first-served basis. In any year, all quantities entered above the Main Safeguard Trigger Level shall enter at the Main Safeguard Duty listed in the table above.

Annex 2-G

Administration and Implementation of TRQs

1. This Annex sets out modifications to the Harmonized Schedule of Korea (HSK) that reflect the TRQs that Korea shall apply to certain originating goods under this Agreement. In particular, originating goods of Canada included under this Annex shall be subject to the rates of duty set out in this Annex in lieu of the rates of duty specified in Chapters 1 through 97 of the HSK. Notwithstanding any other provision of the HSK, originating goods of Canada in the quantities described in this Annex shall be permitted entry into the territory of Korea as provided in this Annex. Furthermore, any quantity of originating goods imported from Canada under a TRQ provided for in this Annex shall not be counted toward the in-quota amount of any TRQ provided for such goods elsewhere in the HSK.

Honey, natural

Year Quantity
(Metric Tonnes)

1 100

2 105

3 110

4 115

5 120

6 125

7 130

8 135

9 140

10 145

11 150

12 155

13 160

14 165

15 170

16 175

17 180

18 185

19 190

20 195

21 200

After year twenty-one the in-quota quantity will be 200 metric tonnes annually.

TRQs shall be administered by the Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation, or its successor, using an auction on a quarterly basis (December, March, June, and September).

(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed in subparagraph (a) shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of staging category E as specified in paragraph 2(e) of Annex 2-D.

(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following

HSK Provision: 0409000000.

Unhulled and naked barley

Year Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1-14 2,500 (per year)

15 Unlimited

These TRQs shall be administered by the Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation, or its successor. The Corporation shall allocate licenses on written application on a first-come, first-served basis between the first business day and the last business day of the first month of each year. If the total amount of originating goods applied for during the first month of the year exceeds the total amount of originating goods available within the TRQ, licenses shall be allocated on a prorated basis. If the total amount of originating goods applied for during the first month of the year is less than the total quantity available within the TRQ, licenses shall continue to be available throughout the year. Each license allocated by the Corporation is valid for a period of 90 days from the date of allocation, and unused licenses shall be surrendered to the Corporation upon the expiration of the 90-day period and reallocated to applicants on a first-come, first-served basis within 45 days of the date of surrender.

(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the safeguard duty listed in subparagraph (g) in Annex 2-F.

(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following HSK Provisions: 1003009010 and 1003009020.

Flour, meal, powder, flakes, granules and pellets of potatoes

Year Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1-9 500 (per year)

10 Unlimited

These TRQs shall be administered by the Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation, or its successor. The Corporation shall allocate licenses upon written application on a first-come, first-served basis between the first business day and the last business day of the first month of each year. If the total amount of originating goods applied for during the first month of the year exceeds the total amount of originating goods available within the TRQ, licenses shall be allocated on a prorated basis. If the total amount of originating goods applied for during the first month of the year is less than the total quantity available within the TRQ, licenses shall continue to be available throughout the year. Each license allocated by the Corporation is valid for a period of 90 days from the date of allocation, and unused licenses shall be surrendered to the Corporation upon the expiration of the 90-day period and reallocated to applicants on a first-come, first-served basis within 45 days of the date of surrender.

Malt

Year Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1 13,000

2 14,200

3 15,400

4 16,600

5 17,800

6 19,000

7 20,200

8 21,400

9 22,600

10 23,800

11 25,000

12 Unlimited

Soybeans for Human Consumption, Identity Preserved

Year Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1 5,000

2 7,500

3 10,000

4 12,500

5 15,000

6 15,400

7 15,800

8 16,200

9 16,600

10 17,000

After year ten the in-quota quantity will be 17,000 metric tonnes annually.

An association of soybean processors, which includes the Korea Federation of Soybean Curd Industry Cooperatives, Korea Soy Sauce Industrial Cooperative, Korea Foods Industry Association, and other appropriate associations representing processors of soybeans, shall administer this TRQ through the Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation. The association shall allocate the TRQ as set out in subparagraph (b) and the Corporation shall automatically issue import licenses for quantities that the association allocates.

Identity Preserved Soybeans

Fodder, Other

Year	Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1	20,000
2	25,000
3	30,000
4	35,000
5	40,000
6	45,000
7	50,000
8	55,000
9	55,000
10	Unlimited

These TRQs shall be administered by the Korea Feed Ingredients Association, the Korea Feed Association, and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, or their respective successors, and allocated through import licenses. Registered mixed feed producers, registered feed ingredients producers, and the livestock breeders are eligible to receive a TRQ quantity based on the performance of the previous 24 months and the quantity requested for the year.

(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging category D as specified in paragraph 2(d) of Annex 2-D.

(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following HSK Provision: 1214909090.

Supplementary Feeds, Animal

Year	Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

1	500
2	600
3	700
4	700
5	800
6	800
7	900
8	900
9	1,000
10	Unlimited

These TRQs shall be administered by the Korea Feed Ingredients Association and the Korea Feed Milk Replacer Association, or their respective successors, and allocated through import licenses based on performance of the previous 24 months and the quantity requested for the year.

(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging category D as specified in paragraph 2(d) of Annex 2-D .

(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following HSK Provisions: 2309902099 and 2309909000.

Chapter Three

Rules Of Origin

Article 3.1: Originating Goods

Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, a good is originating under this Agreement if:

Article 3.2: Wholly Obtained

The following goods are considered wholly obtained and therefore originating in the territory of one or both of the Parties:

Article 3.3: Sufficient Production

1. A good is considered to have undergone sufficient production and therefore is originating when the conditions set out for that good in Annex 3-A are fulfilled entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties and all other applicable requirements of this Chapter are satisfied.

2. Notwithstanding Annex 3-A and except for a good of Chapters 1 through 21, headings 39.01 through 39.15 or Chapters 50 through 63 of the Harmonized System, a good is considered to have undergone sufficient production and therefore is originating, provided that:

Article 3.4: Value Test

1. Except as provided in paragraphs 2 and 3, where Annex 3-A specifies a value test to determine whether a good is originating, the good is originating provided that the value of non-originating materials used in the production of the good does not exceed a given percentage of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good as specified in Annex 3-A.

2. For the purposes of a good of headings 87.01 through 87.08, at the choice of an exporter or a producer of such goods, the good is originating provided that the value of non-originating materials used in the production of the good does not exceed the given percentage of either the transaction value or ex-works price of the good, or the net cost of the good.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, for the purposes of a good of headings 87.01 through 87.06, at the choice of an exporter or a producer of such goods, the good is originating provided that the value of originating materials used in the production of the good is not less than a given percentage of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.

4. For the purposes of calculating the net cost of a good under paragraph 2, the producer of the good may:

5. For the purposes of calculating the net cost of a good of headings 87.01 through 87.05 under paragraph 4, the producer may average its calculation over its fiscal year using any one of the following categories, on the basis of either all motor vehicles in the category or only those motor vehicles in the category that are exported to the territory of the other Party:

6. For the purposes of calculating the net cost under paragraph 4 for a good of headings 87.06 through 87.08 produced in the same plant, the producer may:

Article 3.5: Materials Used in Production

1. If a non-originating material undergoes sufficient production in the territory of one or both of the Parties, the resulting good is originating and no account shall be taken of the non-originating material contained therein when that good is used in the subsequent production of another good.

2. Except as provided in Article 3.6.2, the “value of non-originating materials”, including, for the purposes of this definition, non-originating component goods and non-originating packaging materials and containers as referred to in Article 3.12 and in Annex 3-A, means:

3. Except as provided in Article 3.6.2, the “value of originating materials” means the price paid or payable for the material by the producer in the Party where the producer is located, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles applicable in the territory of the Party where the good is produced. If there is no price paid or payable, the “value of originating materials” will be the value as determined under paragraph 2(b).

Article 3.6: Self-Produced Materials

1. For the purposes of determining the origin of a good, a producer of a good may, at the producer’s choice, designate any self-produced material as a material to be taken into account as an originating or non-originating material, as the case may be, in determining whether the good satisfies the applicable requirements of the rules of origin.

2. The value of a self-produced material shall be:

Article 3.7: Accumulation

1. For the purposes of determining whether a good is an originating good, a good originating in the territory of one or both of the Parties shall be considered as originating in the territory of either of the Parties.

2. For the purposes of determining whether a good is an originating good, the production of the good in the territory of one or both of the Parties by one or more producers is, at the choice of the exporter or producer of the good for which preferential tariff treatment is claimed, considered to have been performed in the territory of either of the Parties by that exporter or producer, if:

3. The Parties may agree to review this Article with a view to providing for other forms of cumulation, such as cross-cumulation or pan-free-trade-agreement-cumulation for the purpose of qualifying goods as originating goods under this Agreement.

Article 3.8: De Minimis

1. Notwithstanding Article 3.3 and except for a good of Chapters 50 through 63 of the Harmonized System, a good is considered originating, where the value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good, which do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification or fulfill any other condition set out in Annex 3-A, does not exceed 10 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good, provided that:

2. A good of Chapters 50 through 60 of the Harmonized System, that does not originate because certain non-originating yarns used in the production of the good do not fulfill the conditions set out for that good in Annex 3-A , is considered originating if the total weight of all such yarns does not exceed 10 percent of the total weight of that good.

3. A good of Chapters 61 through 63 of the Harmonized System, that does not originate because certain non-originating yarns used in the production of the component of the good that determines the tariff classification of that good do not fulfil the conditions set out for that good in Annex 3-A, is considered originating if the total weight of all such yarns in that component does not exceed 10 percent of the total weight of that component.

4. Except as provided in Annex 3-A, paragraph 1 does not apply to a non-originating material used in the production of a good provided for in Chapters 1 through 21 of the Harmonized System unless the non-originating materials are provided for in a different subheading from that of the good for which the origin is being determined under this Article.

Article 3.9: Fungible Materials and Goods

1. For the purposes of determining whether a material or good is an originating material or good, any fungible material or good shall be distinguished by:

2. Once a particular inventory management method is selected under paragraph 1, that method shall continue to be used for those fungible materials or goods throughout the fiscal year of the person that selected the inventory management method.

Article 3.10: Sets or Assortments of Goods

Except as provided in Annex 3-A, a set or assortment of goods, as referred to in General Rule 3 of the Harmonized System, is originating, if:

Article 3.11: Accessories, Spare Parts and Tools

Accessories, spare parts, and tools delivered with a good that form part of its standard accessories, spare parts, or tools are considered originating if the good originates and shall be disregarded in determining whether all the non-originating materials undergo the applicable conditions set out in Annex 3-A, provided that:

Article 3.12: Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale

Except as provided for in Article 3.10 and in Annex 3-A, packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for sale shall be disregarded in determining whether all the non-originating materials undergo the applicable conditions as set out in Annex 3-A.

Article 3.13: Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment

Packing materials, containers, pallets, or similar articles, in which a good is packed for shipment is disregarded in determining the origin of that good.

Article 3.14: Indirect Materials

For the purposes of determining whether a good is originating, it is not necessary to determine the origin of indirect materials used in production, testing or inspection of that good, but which have not entered into the final composition of the good, or which have been used in the maintenance of equipment and buildings or the operation of equipment associated with the production of a good including:

Article 3.15: Principle of Territoriality

1. The conditions for acquiring originating status set out in Articles 3.1 through 3.20 must be fulfilled without interruption in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, an originating good exported from a Party to a non-party shall, when returned, be considered originating if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities in accordance with the laws and regulations of the importing Party concerned that the returning good:

Article 3.16: Transit and Transhipment

An originating good that is transported through the territory of a non-party is non-originating unless it can be demonstrated that the good:

Article 3.17: Application and Interpretation

For the purposes of this Chapter:

General Rules for the Interpretation of the Harmonized System

Article 3.18: Discussions and Modifications

1. The Parties shall discuss regularly to ensure that this Chapter is administered effectively, uniformly, and consistently with the spirit and objectives of this Agreement, and cooperate in the administration of this Chapter in accordance with Chapter Four (Origin Procedures and Trade Facilitation).

2. A Party that considers that this Chapter requires modification to take into account developments in production processes or other matters may submit a proposed modification along with supporting rationale and any studies to the other Party for consideration and any appropriate action pursuant to Article 4.14 (Rules of Origin and Customs Committee).

Article 3.19: Common Guidelines

The Parties shall discuss whether to develop common guidelines for the interpretation and application of this Chapter by the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Article 3.20: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

Chapter, unless otherwise specified, means a chapter of the Harmonized System;

classified means the classification of a good under a particular heading or subheading of the Harmonized System;

customs value means the value as determined in accordance with the Customs Valuation Agreement;

fungible goods or fungible materials means goods or materials that are interchangeable for commercial purposes and whose properties are essentially identical;

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles means accounting principles accepted and commonly used in the territory of a Party with regard to the recording of revenues, expenses, costs, assets, and liabilities, the disclosure of information, and preparation of financial statements. These principles may encompass guidelines for general application, as well as detailed standards, practices, and procedures;

good means merchandise, product, article, or material;

listed with a Party means a foreign registered vessel bare-boat chartered in accordance with the domestic law of a Party and whose registration in the foreign country is suspended for the duration of the charter;

material means an ingredient, component, part, or other good used in the production of another good;

net cost means total cost minus sales promotion, marketing and after-sales service costs, royalties, shipping and packing costs, and non-allowable interest costs that are included in the total cost;

net cost of a good means the net cost that can be reasonably allocated to a good using one of the methods set out in Article 3.4.4;

non-allowable interest costs means interest costs incurred by a producer that exceed 700 basis points above the applicable national government rate identified for comparable maturities;

non-originating good or non-originating material means a good or material, respectively, that does not qualify as originating;

originating good or originating material means a good or material, respectively, that qualifies as originating;

other costs means all costs recorded on the books of the producer that are not product costs o r period costs, such as interest;

period costs means those costs, other than product costs, that are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, such as selling expenses and general and administrative expenses;

producer means a person who engages in the production of a good in the territory of a Party;

product costs means those costs associated with the production of a good and includes the value of materials, direct labour costs, and direct overhead;

production means a method of obtaining goods, including growing, mining, harvesting, fishing, raising, trapping, hunting, manufacturing, processing, assembling, or disassembling a good;

reasonably allocate means to apportion in a manner appropriate to the circumstances;

royalties means payments of any kind, including payments under technical assistance or similar agreements, made as consideration for the use or right to use any copyright, literary, artistic, or scientific work, patent, trademark, design, model, plan, or secret formula or process, excluding those payments under technical assistance or similar agreements that can be related to specific services such as:

sales promotion, marketing, and after-sales service costs means costs related to:

self-produced material means a material produced by a producer of a good and used in the production of that good;

shipping and packing costs means the costs incurred in packing a good for shipment and shipping the good from the point of direct shipment to the buyer, excluding costs of preparing and packaging the good for retail sale;

tariff provision means a Chapter, heading, or subheading of the Harmonized System;

territorial sea means an area of the sea extending up to a limit of 12 nautical miles from baselines determined in accordance with Part II of UNCLOS;

total cost means product costs, period costs, and other costs incurred in the territory of one or both of the Parties. Total cost does not include profits earned by the producer, regardless of whether they are retained by the producer, or paid out to other persons as dividends, or taxes paid on those profits, including capital gains taxes;

transaction value means the price actually paid or payable for a good or material with respect to a transaction of the producer of the good, adjusted in accordance with the principles of paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of Article 8 of the Customs Valuation Agreement to include, inter alia, such costs as commissions, production assists, royalties, or license fees; and

transaction value or ex-works price of the good, including, for the purposes of this definition, sets or assortments of goods of Article 3.10 and of Annex 3-A, means:

adjusted, if necessary, to exclude any costs incurred subsequent to the good leaving the place of production, such as freight and insurance.

Annex 3-A

Product Specific Rules

Section A – General Interpretative Notes

1. For the purposes of interpreting the rules of origin set out in this Annex:

chapter

heading

section

subheading

2. A product specific rule of origin set out in this Annex represents the minimum amount of production required to be carried out on non-originating materials for the resulting good to achieve originating status. A greater amount of production than that required by the rule for that good will also confer originating status.

3. Where a rule of this Annex applicable to a good contains both a required change in tariff classification and a percentage for the maximum value of non-originating materials, the de minimis provision of Article 3.8 permits the use of non-originating materials which do not satisfy the tariff change requirement, as long as the value of such materials does not exceed 10 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good. However, the value of such non-originating materials shall be included when calculating the value of non-originating materials and under no circumstances may the percentage for the maximum value of non-originating materials as set out in the rule be exceeded through the use of the de minimis provision.

4. Where a rule of this Annex applicable to a good contains both a required change in tariff classification and a percentage for the maximum value of non-originating materials, and one or more of the non-originating materials used in the production of the good are classified in the same subheading or heading that is not further subdivided into subheadings, as the good itself, Article 3.3.2 may be used. Article 3.3.2 provides that, in such instances, the good shall be considered as originating, if the value of the non-originating materials classified as or with the good does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good. Given that the resulting good qualifies as originating in its own right, no account shall be taken of the non-originating materials contained therein when that good is used in the production of another good. In this particular instance, only the value of any other non-originating materials that are used in the production of the final good and that satisfy the required change in tariff classification set out in the rule of this Annex would need to be taken into account when calculating the value of non-originating materials for purposes of determining the origin of the final good.

5. The product specific rules set out in this Annex also apply to used goods.

Section B – Specific Rules of Origin

Section I	Live Animals; Animal Products (Chapters 1 – 5)
Chapter 1	Live Animals
01.01 – 01.06	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 2	Meat and Edible Meat Offal
02.01 – 02.06	A change from any other chapter.
0207.11 – 0207.14	A change from any other chapter, except from fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (chickens) of heading 01.05.
0207.24 – 0207.60	A change from any other chapter.
02.08	A change from any other chapter.
0209.10	A change from any other chapter.
0209.90	A change from any other chapter, except from fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (chickens) of heading 01.05.
0210.11 – 0210.93	A change from any other chapter.
0210.99	A change to goods of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (chickens) from any other chapter, except from fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (chickens) of heading 01.05; or A change to any other good from any other chapter.

Chapter 3	Fish and Crustaceans, Molluscs and Other Aquatic Invertebrates
Note:	Aquaculture goods of Chapter 3 raised from non-originating seed stock such as eggs, fry, fingerlings, or larvae in the territory of a Party shall be considered as originating in the territory of that Party.
03.01 – 03.05	A change from any other chapter.
0306.11 – 0308.90	A change to a smoked good from a non-smoked good within that subheading or any other subheading; or A change to any other good from any other chapter.

Chapter 4	Dairy Produce; Birds’ Eggs; Natural Honey; Edible Products of Animal Origin, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
04.01 – 04.06	A change from any other chapter, except from dairy preparations of subheading 1901.90 or 2106.90.
04.07 – 04.10	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 5	Products of Animal Origin, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
05.01 – 05.02	A change from any other chapter.
05.04	A change from any other chapter, except from Chapter 1.
05.05 – 05.06	A change from any other chapter.
05.07	A change from any other chapter, except from Chapter 1 or 3.
05.08 – 05.11	A change from any other chapter.

Section II	Vegetable Products (Chapters 6 – 14)
Note:	Agricultural and horticultural goods grown in the territory of a Party shall be treated as originating in the territory of that Party even if grown from seed, bulbs, rootstock, cuttings, slips, or other live parts of plants imported from a non-Party country.

Chapter 6	Live Trees and Other Plants; Bulbs, Roots and the Like; Cut Flowers and Ornamental Foliage
06.01 – 06.02	A change from any other chapter.
06.03	A change from any other chapter, except from subheading 1211.20.
06.04	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 7	Edible Vegetables and Certain Roots and Tubers
07.01 – 07.14	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 8	Edible Fruit and Nuts; Peel of Citrus Fruit or Melons
08.01– 08.14	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 9	Coffee, Tea, Maté and Spices
0901.11 – 0901.12	A change from any other chapter.
0901.21 – 0901.22	A change from any subheading outside this group.
0901.90	A change from any other chapter.
09.02 – 09.03	A change from any other chapter.
0904.11 – 0904.12	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 2103.90.
0904.21 – 0904.22	A change from any other chapter, except from subheading 0710.80 or 2103.90.
09.05	A change from any other chapter.
0906.11 – 0906.19	A change from any other chapter.
0906.20	A change from any other subheading.
09.07 – 09.10	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 10	Cereals
10.01 – 10.08	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 11	Products of the Milling Industry; Malt; Starches; Inulin; Wheat Gluten
11.01 – 11.04	A change from any other chapter, except from heading 10.06.
11.05 – 11.09	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 12	Oil Seeds and Oleaginous Fruits; Miscellaneous Grains, Seeds and Fruit; Industrial or Medicinal Plants; Straw and Fodder<
12.01 – 12.14	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 13	Lac; Gums, Resins and Other Vegetable Saps and Extracts
13.01 – 13.02	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 14	Vegetable Plaiting Materials; Vegetable Products Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
14.01 – 14.04	A change from any other chapter.

Section III	Animal or Vegetable Fats and Oils and Their Cleavage Products; Prepared Edible Fats; Animal or Vegetable Waxes (Chapter 15)
Chapter 15	Animal or Vegetable Fats and Oils and Their Cleavage Products; Prepared Edible Fats; Animal or Vegetable Waxes
15.01 – 15.14	A change from any other chapter.
1515.11 – 1515.19	A change from any other chapter.
1515.21 – 1515.50	A change from any other chapter, except from Chapter 12.
1515.90	A change from any other chapter.
1516.10	A change to a product obtained entirely from seal or seal products from any other heading; or A change to any other good from any other chapter.
1516.20	A change from any other chapter.
15.17 – 15.22	A change from any other chapter.

Section IV	Prepared Foodstuffs; Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar; Tobacco and Manufactured Tobacco Substitutes (Chapters 16 – 24)
Chapter 16	Preparations of Meat, of Fish of Crustaceans, Molluscs or Other Aquatic Invertebrates
16.01 – 16.04	A change from any other chapter.
16.05	A change from any other chapter, except from smoked goods of heading 03.06 through 03.08.

Chapter 17	Sugars and Sugar Confectionery
17.01 – 17.03	A change from any other chapter.
17.04	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 18	Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations
18.01 – 18.02	A change from any other chapter.
18.03 – 18.05	A change from any other heading.
1806.10 – 1806.90	A change from any other subheading.

Chapter 19	Preparations of Cereals, Flour, Starch or Milk; Pastrycooks’ Products
1901.10	A change to dairy preparations containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids from any other chapter, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or 10.06 or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04; or A change to any other good from any other chapter, except from heading 10.06 or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04.
1901.20	A change to mixes and doughs containing more than 25 percent by weight of butterfat from any other chapter, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or 10.06, or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04; or A change to any other good from any other chapter, except from heading 10.06 or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04.
1901.90	A change to dairy preparations containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids from any other chapter, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or 10.06, or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04; or A change to any other good from any other chapter, except from heading 10.06 or rice products of heading 11.02 through 11.04.
19.02 – 19.03	A change from any other heading.
19.04 – 19.05	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 20	Preparations of Vegetables, Fruit, Nuts or Other Parts of Plants
20.01 – 20.08	A change from any other heading.
2009.11 – 2009.39	A change from any other chapter, except from heading 08.05.
2009.41 – 2009.89	A change from any other chapter
2009.90	A change to cranberry juice mixtures from any other subheading; or A change to any other good from any other chapter.

Chapter 21	Miscellaneous Edible Preparations
21.01	A change from any other chapter.
21.02	A change from any other heading.
2103.10 – 2103.30	A change from any other heading.
2103.90	A change to hot pepper paste from any other chapter, except from subheading 0709.60, 0904.21 or 0904.22; A change to bean paste from any other chapter, except from heading 12.01; or A change to any other good from any other subheading.
21.04	A change from any other heading.
21.05	A change from any other heading, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or dairy preparations of subheading 1901.90 containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids.
21.06	A change to preparations containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids from any other chapter, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or dairy preparations of subheading 1901.90 containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids; or A change to any other good from any other heading, except from subheading 1211.20 or 1302.19.

Chapter 22	Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar
22.01	A change from any other chapter.
2202.10	A change from any other heading.
2202.90	A change to beverages containing milk from any other heading, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or dairy preparations of subheading 1901.90 containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids; or A change to any other good from any other heading.
22.03 – 22.07	A change from any other heading.
2208.20	A change from any other heading.
2208.30	A change from within this subheading or any other subheading, provided that the total alcoholic volume of the non-originating materials of heading 22.03 through 22.08 does not exceed 10 percent of the volume of the total alcoholic strength of the good.
2208.40 – 2208.90	A change from any other heading.
22.09	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 23	Residues and Waste From the Food Industries; Prepared Animal Fodder
23.01 – 23.08	A change from any other chapter.
2309.10	A change from any other heading.
2309.90	A change to preparations used in animal feeding containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids from any other heading, except from heading 04.01 through 04.06 or dairy preparations of subheading 1901.90 containing more than 10 percent by weight of milk solids; or A change to any other good from any other heading.

Chapter 24	Tobacco and Manufactured Tobacco Substitutes
24.01	A change from any other chapter.
24.02 – 24.03	A change from any other heading.

Section V	Mineral Products (Chapters 25 – 27)
Chapter 25	Salt; Sulphur; Earths and Stone; Plastering Materials; Lime and Cement
25.01 – 25.30	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 26	Ores, Slag and Ash
26.01 – 26.21	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 27	Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils and Products of Their Distillation; Bituminous Substances; Mineral Waxes
Note 1:	For the purposes of headings 27.07 and 27.10, a “chemical reaction” is a process (including a biochemical process) which results in a molecule with a new structure by breaking intramolecular bonds and by forming new intramolecular bonds or by altering the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of this definition: (a) dissolving in water or other solvents; (b) the eliminating of solvents including solvent water; or (c) the addition or elimination of water of crystallization.
Note 2:	For the purposes of heading 27.10, either of the following processes confers origin: (a) Atmospheric distillation – A separation process in which petroleum oils are converted, in a distillation tower, into fractions according to boiling point and the vapour then condensed into different liquefied fractions; or (b) Vacuum distillation – Distillation at a pressure below atmospheric but not so low that it would be classed as molecular distillation.
Note 3:	For purposes of heading 27.10, “direct blending” is defined as a refinery process whereby various petroleum streams from processing units and petroleum components from holding/storage tanks combine to create a finished product, with pre-determined parameters, classified under heading 27.10, provided that the non-originating material constitutes no more than 25 percent by volume of the good.
27.01 – 27.06	A change from any other heading.
2707.10 – 2707.91	A change from any other heading; or A change from any other subheading within heading 27.07, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the good resulting from such change is the product of a chemical reaction.
2707.99	A change from any other heading; A change to phenols of subheading 2707.99 from any other good of subheading 2709.99 or any other subheading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the good resulting from such change is the product of a chemical reaction; or A change to any other good of subheading 2707.99 from phenols of subheading 2709.99 or any other subheading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the good resulting from such change is the product of a chemical reaction.
27.08 – 27.09	A change from any other heading.
27.10	A change from any other heading; A change as a result of one of the processes specified in Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter; or A change as a result of direct blending, provided that the non-originating material constitutes no more than 25 percent by volume of the good.
2711.11 – 2711.13	A change from within any one of these subheadings or any other subheading, provided that the non-originating feedstock constitutes no more than 49 percent by volume of the good.
2711.14 – 2711.19	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.29.
2711.21	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.11.
2711.29	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.12 through 2711.21.
27.12	A change from any other heading.
2713.11 – 2713.12	A change from any other heading.
2713.20	A change from within that subheading or any other subheading, provided that the non-originating feedstock constitutes no more than 49 percent by volume of the good.
2713.90	A change from any other heading.
27.14 – 27.16	A change from any other heading.

Section VI	Products of the Chemical or Allied Industries Chapters 28 – 38)
Chapter 28	Inorganic Chemicals; Organic or Inorganic Compounds of Precious Metals, of Rare-Earth Metals, of Radioactive Elements or of Isotopes

Note 1:	Notes 3 through 5 of this Chapter confer origin to a good of any heading or subheading in this Chapter.
Note 2:	Notwithstanding Note 1, a good is an originating good if it meets the applicable change in tariff classification specified in the rules of origin of this Chapter.

Note 3:	Chemical Reaction A good of this Chapter that results from a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties shall be treated as an originating good. For purposes of this section, a “chemical reaction” is a process (including a biochemical process) that results in a molecule with a new structure by breaking intramolecular bonds and by forming new intramolecular bonds or by altering the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of determining whether a good is originating: (a) dissolution in water or in another solvent; (b) the elimination of solvents, including solvent water; or (c) the addition or elimination of water of crystallization.
Note 4:	Purification A good of this Chapter that is subject to purification shall be treated as an originating good provided that the purification occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties and results in the elimination of not less than 80 percent of the impurities.

Note 5:	Separation Prohibition A good that undergoes a change from one classification to another in the territory of one or both of the Parties as a result of the separation of one or more materials from a man-made mixture shall not be treated as an originating good unless the isolated material underwent a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

2801.10 – 2803.00	A change from any other subheading.
2804.10 – 2804.69	A change from any other heading.
2804.70 – 2804.90	A change from any other subheading.
2805.11 – 2813.90	A change from any other subheading.
28.14	A change from any other heading.
2815.11 – 2815.12	A change from any other heading.
2815.20 – 2815.30	A change from any other subheading.
2816.10 – 2816.40	A change from any other subheading.
28.17 – 28.18	A change from any other heading.
2819.10 – 2853.00	A change from any other subheading.

Chapter 29	Organic Chemicals
Note 1:	Notes 3 through 6 of this Chapter confer origin to a good of any heading or subheading in this Chapter, except as otherwise specified in those notes.
Note 2:	Notwithstanding Note 1, a good is an originating good if it meets the applicable change in tariff classification specified in the rules of origin of this Chapter.

Note 3:	Chemical Reaction A good of this Chapter that results from a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties shall be treated as an originating good. For purposes of this section, a “chemical reaction” is a process (including a biochemical process) that results in a molecule with a new structure by breaking intramolecular bonds and by forming new intramolecular bonds or by altering the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of determining whether a good is originating: (a) dissolution in water or in another solvent; (b) the elimination of solvents, including solvent water; or (c) the addition or elimination of water of crystallization.
Note 4:	Purification A good of this Chapter that is subject to purification shall be treated as an originating good provided that the purification occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties and results in the elimination of not less than 80 percent of the impurities

Note 5:	*Isomer Separation* A good of this Chapter, shall be treated as an originating good if the isolation or separation of isomers from mixtures of isomers occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Note 6:	Separation Prohibition A good that undergoes a change from one classification to another in the territory of one or both of the Parties as a result of the separation of one or more materials from a man-made mixture shall not be treated as an originating good unless the isolated material underwent a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
2901.10 – 2942.00	A change from any other subheading.

Chapter 30	Pharmaceutical Products
3001.20 –3002.90	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 3006.92.
3003.10 – 3003.90	A change from any other heading, except from subheading 3006.92; or A change from any other subheading within heading 30.03, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, except from subheading 3006.92, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of any other subheading within heading 30.03 does not exceed 40 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
30.04	A change from any other heading, except from heading 30.03 or subheading 3006.92.
3005.10 – 3005.90	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 3006.92.
3006.10 – 3006.70	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 3006.92.
3006.91	A change from any other heading.
3006.92	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 31	Fertilisers
31.01 – 31.05	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 32	Tanning or Dyeing Extracts; Tannins and Their Derivatives; Dyes, Pigments and Other Colouring Matter; Paints and Varnishes; Putty and Other Mastics; Inks
3201.10 – 3202.90	A change from any other subheading.
32.03	A change from any other heading.
3204.11 – 3204.90	A change from any other subheading.
32.05	A change from any other heading.
3206.11 – 3206.50	A change from any other subheading.
32.07 – 32.15	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 33	Essential Oils and Resinoids; Perfumery, Cosmetic or Toilet Preparations
3301.12 – 3301.90	A change from any other subheading.
33.02 – 33.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 34	Soap, Organic Surface-Active Agents, Washing Preparations, Lubricating Preparations, Artificial Waxes, Prepared Waxes, Polishing or Scouring Preparations, Candles and Similar Articles, Modelling Pastes, “Dental Waxes” and Dental Preparations with a Basis of Plaster
3401.11 – 3401.20	A change from any other heading.
3401.30	A change from any other heading, except from subheading 3402.90.
3402.11	A change from any other heading.
3402.12 – 3402.19	A change from any other subheading.
3402.20	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 3402.90.
3402.90	A change from any other subheading.
3403.11 – 3403.99	A change from any other subheading.
34.04 – 34.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 35	Albuminoidal Substances; Modified Starches; Glues; Enzymes
3501.10 – 3501.90	A change from any other subheading.
3502.11 – 3502.19	A change from any other heading.
3502.20 – 3502.90	A change from any other subheading.
35.03 – 35.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 36	Explosives; Pyrotechnic Products; Matches; Pyrophoric Alloys; Certain Combustible Preparations
36.01 – 36.06	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 37	Photographic or Cinematographic Goods
37.01	A change from any other heading, except from heading 37.02.
37.02	A change from any other heading, except from heading 37.01.
37.03 – 37.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 38	Miscellaneous Chemical Products
38.01 – 38.04	A change from any other heading.
3805.10 – 3806.90	A change from any other subheading.
38.07 – 38.08	A change from any other heading.
3809.10 – 3809.93	A change from any other subheading.
38.10	A change from any other heading.
3811.11 – 3811.90	A change from any other subheading.
38.12 – 38.19	A change from any other heading.
38.20	A change from any other heading, except from subheading 2905.31; or A change from subheading 2905.31, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 2905.31 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
38.21 – 38.22	A change from any other heading.
3823.11 – 3823.70	A change from any other subheading.
38.24	A change from any other heading.
38.25	A change from any other chapter, except from Chapter 28 through 37, 40, or 90.
38.26	A change from any other heading.

Section VII	Plastics and Articles Thereof; Rubber and Articles Thereof (Chapters 39 – 40)
Chapter 39	Plastics and Articles Thereof
39.01 – 39.15	A change from any other heading, provided that the non-originating polymer content of heading 39.01 through 39.15 does not exceed 40 percent by weight of the total polymer content of the good.
39.16 – 39.26	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 40	Rubber and Articles Thereof
40.01 – 40.05	A change from any other heading.
40.06	A change from any other heading, except from heading 40.01; or A change from heading 40.01, whether or not there is a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 40.01 does not exceed 65 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
40.07 – 40.17	A change from any other heading.

Section VIII	Raw Hides and Skins, Leather, Furskins and Articles Thereof; Saddlery and Harness; Travel Goods, Handbags and Similar Containers; Articles of Animal Gut (Other than Silk-worm Gut) (Chapters 41 – 43)
Chapter 41	Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather
41.01 – 41.03	A change from any other chapter.
4104.11 – 4104.19	A change from any other heading.
4104.41 – 4104.49	A change from subheading 4104.11 or 4104.19, or any other heading.
4105.10	A change from any other heading.
4105.30	A change from subheading 4105.10 or any other heading.
4106.21	A change from any other heading.
4106.22	A change from subheading 4106.21 or any other heading.
4106.31	A change from any other heading.
4106.32	A change from subheading 4106.31 or any other heading.
4106.40	A change to tanned hides and skins in the wet state (including wet blue) from any other heading; or A change to crust hides and skins from tanned hides and skins in the wet state (including wet-blue) of this subheading or any other heading.
4106.91	A change from any other heading.
4106.92	A change from subheading 4106.91 or any other heading.
41.07	A change from any other heading.
41.12 – 41.15	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 42	Articles of Leather; Saddlery and Harness; Travel Goods, Handbags and Similar Containers; Articles of Animal Gut (Other Than Silk-Worm Gut)
42.01 – 42.06	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 43	Furskins and Artificial Fur; Manufactures Thereof
43.01	A change from any other chapter.
43.02 – 43.04	A change from any other heading.

Section IX	Wood and Articles of Wood; Wood Charcoal; Cork and Articles of Cork; Manufactures of Straw, of Esparto or of Other Plaiting Materials; Basketware and Wickerwork (Chapters 44 – 46)
Chapter 44	Wood and Articles of Wood; Wood Charcoal
44.01 – 44.21	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 45	Cork and Articles of Cork
45.01 – 45.04	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 46	Manufactures of Straw, of Esparto or of Other Plaiting Materials; Basketware and Wickerwork
46.01 – 46.02	A change from any other heading.

Section X	Pulp of Wood or of Other Fibrous Cellulosic Material; Recovered (Waste and Scrap) Paper or Paperboard; Paper and Paperboard and Articles Thereof (Chapters 47 – 49)
Chapter 47	Pulp of Wood or of Other Fibrous Cellulosic Material; Recovered (Waste and Scrap) Paper or Paperboard
47.01 – 47.02	A change from any other heading.
4703.11– 4704.29	A change from any other subheading.
47.05 – 47.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 48	Paper and Paperboard; Articles of Paper Pulp, of Paper or of Paperboard
48.01 – 48.23	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 49	Printed Books, Newspapers, Pictures and Other Products of the Printing Industry; Manuscripts, Typescripts and Plans
49.01 – 49.11	A change from any other heading.

Section XI	Textiles and Textile Articles (Chapters 50 63)
Chapter 50	Silk
50.01 – 50.03	A change from any other chapter.
50.04 – 50.06	A change from any other heading.
50.07	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 51	Wool, Fine or Coarse Animal Hair; Horsehair Yarn and Woven Fabric
51.01 – 51.05	A change from any other chapter.
51.06 – 51.10	A change from any other heading.
51.11 – 51.13	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 52	Cotton
52.01 – 52.03	A change from any other chapter.
52.04 – 52.06	A change from any other heading.
52.07	A change from any other heading, except from heading 52.04 through 52.06.
52.08 – 52.12	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 53	Other Vegetable Textile Fibres; Paper Yarn and Woven Fabrics of Paper Yarn
53.01 – 53.05	A change from any other chapter.
53.06 – 53.08	A change from any other heading.
53.09 – 53.11	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 54	Man-Made Filaments; Strip and the Like of Man-Made Textile Materials
54.01 – 54.06	A change from any other heading.
54.07 – 54.08	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 55	Man-Made Staple Fibres
55.01 – 55.07	A change from any other chapter.
55.08 – 55.11	A change from any other heading.
55.12 – 55.16	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 56	Wadding, Felt and Nonwovens; Special Yarns; Twine, Cordage, Ropes and Cables and Articles Thereof
56.01 – 56.06	A change from any other heading.
56.07	A change from any other heading, except from heading 52.05 through 52.07, 54.01, 54.02, 54.04 through 54.06, or 55.08 through 55.11.
56.08	A change from any other heading.
56.09	A change from any other heading, except from heading 51.06 through 51.10, 52.04 through 52.07, 54.01, 54.02, 54.04 through 54.06, or 55.09 through 55.11.

Chapter 57	Carpets and Other Textile Floor Coverings
57.01 – 57.05	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 58	Special Woven Fabrics; Tufted Textile Fabrics; Lace; Tapestries; Trimmings; Embroidery
58.01 – 58.11	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 59	Impregnated, Coated, Covered or Laminated Textile Fabrics; Textile Articles of a Kind Suitable for Industrial Use
59.01 – 59.09	A change from any other chapter. 59.10 A change from any other heading, except from heading 51.06 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.07, 53.08, 53.10, or 53.11, Chapter 54, or heading 55.09 through 55.16.
59.11	A change from any other chapter.

Chapter 60	Knitted or Crocheted Fabrics
60.01 – 60.06	A change from any other heading; or A change from greige fabric, provided that the greige fabric is dyed or printed and fully finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 61	Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories, Knitted or Crocheted
Note:	For the purposes of determining the origin of a good of this Chapter, the rule applicable to that good shall apply only to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
61.01 – 61.17	A change from any other chapter, provided that the good is both cut (or knit to shape) and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties; or A change to a good knit to shape, for which no sewing or other assembly is required, from any other chapter.

Chapter 62	Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories, Not Knitted or Crocheted
Note:	For the purposes of determining the origin of a good of this Chapter, the rule applicable to that good shall apply only to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
62.01 – 62.17	A change from any other chapter, provided that the good is both cut and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.

Chapter 63	Other Made Up Textile Articles; Sets; Worn Clothing and Worn Textile Articles; Rags
Note:	For the purposes of determining the origin of a good of this Chapter, the rule applicable to that good shall apply only to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
63.01 – 63.05	A change from any other chapter, except from fabric of heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.08 through 52.12, 53.10, 53.11, 54.07, 54.08, 55.12 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.03, 59.03, or 60.01 through 60.06.
63.06 – 63.07	A change from any other chapter, provided that the good is both cut (or knit to shape) and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
63.08	A change from any other chapter, provided that either the fabric or the yarn meets the tariff shift rule that would be applicable if the fabric or yarn were classified alone.
63.09	A change from any other heading; or No required change in tariff classification, provided that the goods were last collected and packed for shipment in a Party.
63.10	A change to new rags from any other chapter; A change to goods other than new rags from any other heading; or No required change in tariff classification, provided that the goods other than new rags were last collected and packed for shipment in a Party.

Section XII	Footwear, Headgear, Umbrellas, Sun Umbrellas, Walking-sticks, Seat-sticks, Whips, Riding-crops and Parts Thereof; Prepared Feathers and Articles Made Therewith; Artificial Flowers; Articles of Human Hair (Chapters 64 – 67)
Chapter 64	Footwear, Gaiters and the Like; Parts of Such Articles
64.01 – 64.05	A change from any other heading, except from heading 64.06; or A change from heading 64.06, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 64.06 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
64.06	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 65	Headgear and Parts Thereof
65.01 – 65.07	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 66	Umbrellas, Sun Umbrellas, Walking-Sticks, Seat-Sticks, Whips, Riding-Crops and Parts Thereof
66.01	A change from any other heading, except from heading 66.03; or A change from heading 66.03, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 66.03 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
66.02 – 66.03	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 67	Prepared Feathers and Down and Articles Made of Feathers or of Down; Artificial Flowers; Articles of Human Hair
67.01	A change from any other heading; or A change to articles of feathers or down from within this heading or any other heading.
67.02 – 67.04	A change from any other heading.

Section XIII	Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica or Similar Materials; Ceramic Products; Glass and Glassware (Chapters 68 – 70)
Chapter 68	Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica or Similar Materials
68.01 – 68.15	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 69	Ceramic Products
69.01 – 69.14	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 70	Glass and Glassware
70.01 – 70.08	A change from any other heading.
7009.10	A change from any other subheading.
7009.91 – 7009.92	A change from any other heading.
70.10 – 70.18	A change from any other heading.
7019.11 – 7019.40	A change from any other subheading.
7019.51	A change from any other subheading, except from subheading 7019.52 or 7019.59.
7019.52 – 7019.90	A change from any other subheading.
70.20	A change from any other heading.

Section XIV	Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious or Semi-precious Stones, Precious Metals, Metals Clad with Precious Metal and Articles Thereof; Imitation Jewellery; Coin (Chapter 71)
Chapter 71	Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious or Semi-Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Metals Clad with Precious Metal, and Articles Thereof; Imitation Jewellery; Coin
7101.10 – 7105.90	A change from any other subheading.
71.06 – 71.07	A change from any other heading.
71.08	A change from any other subheading.
71.09	A change from any other heading.
71.10	A change from any other subheading.
71.11 – 71.18	A change from any other heading.

Section XV	Base Metals and Articles of Base Metal (Chapters 72 – 83)
Chapter 72	Iron and Steel
72.01 – 72.29	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 73	Articles of Iron or Steel
73.01 – 73.03	A change from any other heading.
7304.11 – 7304.39	A change from any other heading.
7304.41	A change from any other subheading.
7304.49	A change from any other heading.
7304.51	A change from any other subheading.
7304.59 – 7304.90	A change from any other heading.
73.05 – 73.06	A change from any other heading.
73.07	A change from any other heading, except from heading 73.03 through 73.06; or A change from heading 73.03 through 73.06, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 73.03 through 73.06 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
73.08 – 73.14	A change from any other heading.
7315.11 – 7315.12	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 7315.19, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 7315.19 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
7315.19	A change from any other heading.
7315.20 – 7315.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 7315.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 7315.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
7315.90	A change from any other heading.
73.16 – 73.20	A change from any other heading.
7321.11 – 7321.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 7321.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 7321.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
7321.90	A change from any other heading.
73.22 – 73.23	A change from any other heading.
7324.10 – 7324.29	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 7324.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 7324.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
7324.90	A change from any other heading.
73.25 – 73.26	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 74	Copper and Articles Thereof
74.01 – 74.11	A change from any other heading.
74.12	A change from any other heading, except from heading 74.11; or A change from heading 74.11, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 74.11 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
74.13	A change from any other heading, except from heading 74.08; or A change from heading 74.08, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 74.08 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
74.15 – 74.19	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 75	Nickel and Articles Thereof
75.01 – 75.04	A change from any other heading.
7505.11 – 7505.12	A change from any other heading.
7505.21 – 7505.22	A change from any other subheading. 75.06 A change from any other heading; or A change to foil, not backed, of a thickness of 0.15 mm or less from within that heading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading.
75.07 – 75.08	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 76	Aluminium and Articles Thereof
76.01 – 76.02	A change from any other heading.
7603.10 – 7603.20	A change from any other subheading.
76.04 – 76.08	A change from any other heading.
76.09	A change from any other heading, except from heading 76.08; or A change from heading 76.08, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 76.08 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
76.10 – 76.13	A change from any other heading.
76.14	A change from any other heading, except from heading 76.05; or A change from heading 76.05, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 76.05 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
76.15 – 76.16	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 78	Lead and Articles Thereof

78.01 – 78.02	A change from any other heading.
7804.11 – 7804.20	A change from any other subheading; or A change to foil, not backed, of subheading 7804.11 from within that subheading, whether or not there is also a change from any other subheading.
78.06	A change to lead bars, rods, profiles, wire, tubes, pipes or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 78.06 from within that heading or any other heading; or A change to any other good from lead bars, rods, profiles, wire, tubes, pipes or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 78.06 or any other heading.

Chapter 79	Zinc and Articles Thereof
79.01 – 79.03	A change from any other heading.
79.04	A change from within that heading or any other heading.
79.05	A change from any other heading; or A change to foil, not backed, from within that heading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading.
79.07	A change to zinc tubes, pipes, or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 79.07 from within that heading or any other heading; or A change to any other good from zinc tubes, pipes or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 79.07 or any other heading.

Chapter 80	Tin and Articles Thereof
80.01 – 80.02	A change from any other heading.
80.03	A change from within that heading or any other heading.
80.07	A change to tin plates, sheets or strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2mm, tin foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.2mm, or tin powders or flakes, tin tubes, pipes or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 80.07 from within that heading or any other heading; or A change to any other good from tin plates, sheets or strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2mm, tin foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.2mm, or tin powders or flakes, tin tubes, pipes or tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves) of heading 80.07 or any other heading.

Chapter 81	Other Base Metals; Cermets; Articles Thereof
8101.10 – 8113.00	A change from any other subheading.

Chapter 82	Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Spoons and Forks, of Base Metal; Parts Thereof of Base Metal
Note:	Handles of base metal used in the production of a good of this Chapter shall be disregarded in determining the origin of that good.
82.01	A change from any other heading.
8202.10 – 8202.20	A change from any other heading.
8202.31	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8202.39, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8202.39 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8202.39 – 8202.99	A change from any other heading.
82.03 – 82.04	A change from any other heading.
8205.10 – 8205.70	A change from any other heading.
8205.90	A change from any other heading; or A change from within that subheading or subheading 8205.10 through 8205.70, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component of goods of that subheading or subheading 8205.10 through 8205.70 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
82.06	A change from any other heading, except from heading 82.02 through 82.05; or A change from heading 82.02 through 82.05, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of heading 82.02 through 82.05 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8207.13	A change from any other heading, except from heading 82.09; or A change from subheading 8207.19 or heading 82.09, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8207.19 or heading 82.09 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8207.19 – 8207.90	A change from any other heading.
82.08 – 82.10	A change from any other heading.
8211.10	A change from any other heading, except from heading 82.14 or 82.15; or A change from subheading 8211.91 through 8211.93, or heading 82.14 or 82.15, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of subheading 8211.91 through 8211.93, or heading 82.14 or 82.15 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8211.91 – 8211.93	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8211.94 or 8211.95, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8211.94 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8211.94 – 8211.95	A change from any other heading.
82.12 – 82.13	A change from any other heading.
8214.10	A change from any other heading.
8214.20	A change from any other heading; or A change to a set of subheading 8214.20 from within that subheading or any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8214.90	A change from any other heading.
8215.10 – 8215.20	A change from any other heading, except from heading 82.11; or A change from heading 82.11, or subheading 8215.91 or 8215.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of heading 82.11, or subheading 8215.91 or 8215.99 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8215.91 – 8215.99	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 83	Miscellaneous Articles of Base Metal
8301.10 – 8301.50	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8301.60, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8301.60 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8301.60 – 8301.70	A change from any other heading.
83.02 – 83.04	A change from any other heading.
8305.10 – 8305.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8305.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8305.90 does not exceed 25 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8305.90	A change from any other heading.
83.06 – 83.07	A change from any other heading.
8308.10 – 8308.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8308.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8308.90 does not exceed 25 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8308.90	A change from any other heading.
83.09 – 83.10	A change from any other heading.
8311.10 – 8311.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8311.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8311.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8311.90	A change from any other heading.

Section XVI	Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Electrical Equipment; Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts and Accessories of Such Articles (Chapters 84 – 85)
Chapter 84	Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Parts Thereof
8401.10-8401.30	A change from any other subheading.
8401.40	A change from any other heading.
8402.11 – 8402.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8402.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8402.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8402.90	A change from any other heading.
8403.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8403.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8403.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8403.90	A change from any other heading.
8404.10 – 8404.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8404.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8404.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8404.90	A change from any other heading.
8405.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8405.90, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8405.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8405.90	A change from any other heading.
8406.10 – 8406.82	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8406.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8406.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8406.90	A change from any other heading.
8407.10 – 8408.90	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.09; or A change from heading 84.09, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.09 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.09	A change from any other heading.
8410.11 – 8410.13	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8410.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8410.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8410.90	A change from any other heading.
8411.11 – 8411.82	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8411.91 or 8411.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8411.91 or 8411.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8411.91 – 8411.99	A change from any other heading.
8412.10 – 8412.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8412.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8412.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8412.90	A change from any other heading.
8413.11 – 8413.82	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8413.91 or 8413.92, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8413.91 or 8413.92 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8413.91 – 8413.92	A change from any other heading.
8414.10 – 8414.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8414.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8414.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8414.90	A change from any other heading.
8415.10 – 8415.83	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8415.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8415.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8415.90	A change from any other heading.
8416.10 – 8416.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8416.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8416.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8416.90	A change from any other heading.
8417.10 – 8417.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8417.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8417.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8417.90	A change from any other heading.
8418.10 – 8418.69	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8418.91 or 8418.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8418.91 or 8418.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8418.91 – 8418.99	A change from any other heading.
8419.11 – 8419.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8419.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8419.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8419.90	A change from any other heading.
8420.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8420.91 or 8420.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8420.91 or 8420.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8420.91 – 8420.99	A change from any other heading.
8421.11 – 8421.19	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8421.91, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8421.91 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8421.21 – 8421.39	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8421.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8421.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8421.91 – 8421.99	A change from any other heading.
8422.11 – 8422.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8422.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8422.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8422.90	A change from any other heading.
8423.10 – 8423.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8423.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8423.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8423.90	A change from any other heading.
8424.10 – 8424.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8424.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8424.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8424.90	A change from any other heading.
84.25 – 84.26	A change from any other heading.
84.27	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.31; or A change from heading 84.31, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.31 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.28 – 84.31	A change from any other heading.
8432.10 – 8432.80	A change from any other subheading.
8432.90	A change from any other heading.
8433.11 – 8433.60	A change from any other subheading.
8433.90	A change from any other heading.
8434.10 – 8434.20	A change from any other subheading.
8434.90	A change from any other heading.
8435.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8435.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8435.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8435.90	A change from any other heading.
8436.10 – 8436.29	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8436.91 or 8436.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8436.91 or 8436.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8436.80 A	change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8436.91 or 8436.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8436.91 or 8436.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8436.91 – 8436.99	A change from any other heading.
8437.10 – 8437.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8437.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8437.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8437.90	A change from any other heading.
8438.10 – 8438.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8438.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8438.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8438.90	A change from any other heading.
8439.10 – 8439.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8439.91 or 8439.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8439.91 or 8439.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8439.91 – 8439.99	A change from any other heading.
8440.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8440.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8440.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8440.90	A change from any other heading.
8441.10 – 8441.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8441.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8441.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8441.90	A change from any other heading.
8442.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8442.40 or 8442.50, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8442.40 or 8442.50 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8442.40 – 8442.50	A change from any other heading.
8443.11 – 8443.39	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8443.91 or 8443.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8443.91 or 8443.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8443.91 – 8443.99	A change from any other heading.
84.44 – 84.47	A change from any other heading; or A change from heading 84.48, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.48 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8448.11 – 8448.19	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8448.20 through 8448.59, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8448.20 through 8448.59 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8448.20 – 8448.59	A change from any other heading.
84.49	A change from any other heading.
8450.11 – 8450.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8450.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8450.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8450.90	A change from any other heading.
8451.10 – 8451.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8451.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8451.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8451.90	A change from any other heading.
8452.10 – 8452.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8452.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8452.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8452.90	A change from any other heading.
8453.10 – 8453.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8453.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8453.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8453.90	A change from any other heading.
8454.10 – 8454.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8454.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8454.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8454.90	A change from any other heading.
8455.10 – 8455.22	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8455.30 or 8455.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8455.30 or 8455.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8455.30 – 8455.90	A change from any other heading.
84.56	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.66; or A change from heading 84.66, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.66 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.57	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.59 or 84.66; or A change from heading 84.59 or 84.66, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.59 or 84.66 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.58 – 84.63	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.66; or A change from heading 84.66, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.66 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.64	A change from any other heading, except from subheading 8466.91; or A change from subheading 8466.91, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8466.91 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.65	A change from any other heading, except from subheading 8466.92; or A change from subheading 8466.92, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8466.92 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.66	A change from any other heading.
8467.11 – 8467.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8467.91 through 8467.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8467.91 through 8467.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8467.91 – 8467.99	A change from any other heading.
8468.10 – 8468.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8468.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8468.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8468.90	A change from any other heading.
84.69	A change from any other heading.
8470.10 – 8471.90	A change from any other subheading.
84.72	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.73; or A change from heading 84.73, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.73 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
84.73	A change from any other heading.
8474.10 – 8474.80	A change from any other subheading.
8474.90	A change from any other heading.
8475.10 – 8475.29	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8475.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8475.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8475.90	A change from any other heading.
8476.21 – 8476.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8476.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8476.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8476.90	A change from any other heading.
8477.10 – 8477.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8477.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8477.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8477.90	A change from any other heading.
8478.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8478.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8478.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8478.90	A change from any other heading.
8479.10 – 8479.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8479.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8479.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8479.90	A change from any other heading.
84.80	A change from any other heading.
8481.10 – 8481.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8481.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8481.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8481.90	A change from any other heading.
8482.10 – 8482.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8482.91 or 8482.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8482.91 or 8482.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8482.91 – 8482.99	A change from any other heading.
8483.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8483.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8483.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8483.20	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.82; or A change from heading 84.82 or subheading 8483.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.82 or subheading 8483.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8483.30 – 8483.60	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8483.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8483.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8483.90	A change from any other heading.
8484.10 – 8484.20	A change from any other heading.
8484.90	A change from any other subheading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8486.10 – 8486.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8486.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8486.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8486.90	A change from any other heading.
84.87	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 85	Electrical Machinery and Equipment and Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts and Accessories of Such Articles
85.01	A change from any other heading, except from heading 85.03; or A change from heading 85.03, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 85.03 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
85.02	A change from any other heading, except from heading 84.06, 84.11, 85.01, or 85.03; or A change from heading 84.06, 84.11, 85.01, or 85.03, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 84.06, 84.11, 85.01, or 85.03 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
85.03	A change from any other heading.
8504.10 – 8504.34	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8504.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8504.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8504.40 – 8504.50	A change from any other subheading.
8504.90	A change from any other heading.
8505.11 – 8505.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8505.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8505.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8505.90	A change from any other heading.
8506.10 – 8506.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8506.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8506.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8506.90	A change from any other heading.
8507.10 – 8507.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8507.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8507.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8507.90	A change from any other heading.
8508.11 – 8508.60	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8508.70, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8508.70 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8508.70	A change from any other heading.
8509.40 – 8509.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8509.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8509.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8509.90	A change from any other heading.
8510.10 – 8510.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8510.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8510.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8510.90	A change from any other heading.
8511.10 – 8511.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8511.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8511.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8511.90	A change from any other heading.
8512.10 – 8512.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8512.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8512.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8512.90	A change from any other heading.
8513.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8513.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8513.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8513.90	A change from any other heading.
8514.10 – 8514.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8514.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8514.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8514.90	A change from any other heading.
8515.11 – 8515.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8515.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8515.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8515.90	A change from any other heading.
8516.10 – 8516.80	A change from any other subheading.
8516.90	A change from any other heading.
8517.11 – 8517.70	A change from any other subheading.
8518.10 – 8518.29	A change from any other heading; or A change from any other subheading within heading 85.18, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of any other subheading within 85.18 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8518.30	A change from any other heading; A change to a set of subheading 8518.30 from subheading 8518.10, 8518.21 through 8518.29, or 8518.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of subheading 8518.10, 8518.21 through 8518.29, or 8518.90 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set; or A change to any other good from subheading 8518.10, 8518.21 through 8518.29, or 8518.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8518.10, 8518.21 through 8518.29, or 8518.90 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8518.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8518.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8518.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price price of the good.
8518.50	A change from any other heading; or A change from any other subheading within heading 85.18, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of heading 85.18 does not exceed 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
8518.90	A change from any other heading.
85.19	A change from any other heading, except from heading 85.22; or A change from heading 85.22, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 85.22 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8521.10 – 8521.90	A change from any other subheading.
85.22 – 85.23	A change from any other heading.
8525.50 – 8525.80	A change from any other subheading; or A change to a gyrostabilized camera of subheading 8525.80 from within that subheading, whether or not there is also a change from any other subheading.
8526.10 – 8527.99	A change from any other subheading.
85.28 – 85.29	A change from any other heading.
8530.10 – 8530.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8530.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8530.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8530.90	A change from any other heading.
8531.10 – 8531.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8531.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8531.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8531.90	A change from any other heading.
8532.10 – 8532.30	A change from any other subheading.
8532.90	A change from any other heading.
8533.10 – 8533.90	A change from any other subheading.
85.34	A change from any other heading.
85.35 – 85.37	A change from any other heading, except from heading 85.38; or A change from heading 85.38, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 85.38 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
85.38	A change from any other heading.
8539.10 – 8539.49	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8539.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8539.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8539.90	A change from any other heading.
8540.11 – 8540.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8540.91 or 8540.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8540.91 or 8540.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8540.91 – 8540.99	A change from any other heading.
8541.10 – 8542.90	A change from any other subheading.
8543.10 – 8543.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8543.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8543.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8543.70	A change from any other subheading.
8543.90	A change from any other heading.
8544.11– 8544.60	A change from any other heading.
8544.70	A change from any other subheading.
85.45– 85.48	A change from any other heading.

Section XVI	Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Electrical Equipment; Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts and Accessories of Such Articles (Chapters 84 – 85)
Chapter 86	Railway or Tramway Locomotives, Rolling-Stock and Parts Thereof; Railway or Tramway Track Fixtures and Fittings and Parts Thereof; Mechanical (Including Electro-Mechanical) Traffic Signalling Equipment of all Kinds
86.01 – 86.02	A change from any other heading.
86.03 – 86.06	A change from any other heading, except from heading 86.07; or A change from heading 86.07, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 86.07 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
86.07 – 86.09	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 87	Vehicles Other Than Railway or Tramway Rolling-Stock, and Parts and Accessories Thereof
Note:	For the purposes of determining whether a good of heading 87.01 through 87.06 is an originating good, any material of Chapter 84, 85, 87, or 94 used in the production of that good in the territory of a Party shall be considered as originating if: 1. the material is imported into the territory of the Party from the territory of the United States of America; and 2. the material would be considered as an originating material under the applicable rule of origin of this Agreement if the territory of the United States of America were part of the free trade area established by this Agreement. 87.01 – 87.06 No change in tariff classification required, provided that the value of non-originating materials does not exceed: (a) 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good; or (b) 65 percent of the net cost of the good; or, No change in tariff classification required, provided that the value of originating materials is not less than 35 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8707.10 – 8707.90	A change from any other heading; or A change from within or between any of those subheadings, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of that heading does not exceed: (a) 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good; or (b) 65 percent of the net cost of the good.
8708.10 – 8708.99	A change from any other subheading; or A change from within any one of those subheadings, whether or not there is also a change from any other subheading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of the same subheading as the good does not exceed: (a) 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good; or (b) 65 percent of the net cost of the good.
8709.11 – 8709.19	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8709.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8709.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8709.90	A change from any other heading.
87.10	A change from any other heading.
87.11 – 87.13	A change from any other heading, except from heading 87.14; or A change from heading 87.14, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 87.14 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8714.10 – 8714.96	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8714.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 8714.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8714.99	A change from any other heading.
87.15	A change from any other heading.
8716.10 – 8716.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 8716.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of non-originating materials of subheading 8716.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
8716.90	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 88	Aircraft, Spacecraft, and Parts Thereof
8801.00 – 8803.90	A change from any other subheading.
88.04 – 88.05	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 89	Ships, Boats and Floating Structure
89.01 – 89.08	A change from any other chapter.

Section XVIII	Optical, Photographic, Cinematographic, Measuring, Checking, Precision, Medical or Surgical Instruments and Apparatus; Clocks and Watches; Musical Instruments; Parts and Accessories Thereof (Chapters 90 – 92)
Chapter 90	Optical, Photographic, Cinematographic, Measuring, Checking, Precision, Medical or Surgical Instruments and Apparatus; Parts and Accessories Thereof
90.01	A change from any other heading.
90.02	A change from any other heading, except from heading 90.01; or A change from heading 90.01, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 90.01 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9003.11 – 9003.19	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9003.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9003.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9003.90	A change from any other heading.
90.04	A change from any other chapter; or A change from any other heading within Chapter 90, whether or not there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of Chapter 90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9005.10 – 9005.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9005.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9005.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9005.90	A change from any other heading.
9006.10 – 9006.69	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9006.91 or 9006.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9006.91 or 9006.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9006.91 – 9006.99	A change from any other heading.
9007.10	A change from any other heading; A change to a gyrostabilized camera of subheading 9007.10 from within that subheading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading; or A change to any other good from subheading 9007.91, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9007.91 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9007.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9007.92, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9007.92 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9007.91 – 9007.92	A change from any other heading.
9008.50	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9008.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9008.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9008.90	A change from any other heading.
9010.10	A change from any other subheading.
9010.50 – 9010.60	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9010.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9010.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9010.90	A change from any other heading.
9011.10 – 9011.80	A change from any other subheading.
9011.90	A change from any other heading.
9012.10	A change from any other subheading.
9012.90	A change from any other heading.
9013.10 – 9013.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9013.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9013.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9013.90	A change from any other heading.
9014.10 – 9014.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9014.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9014.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9014.90	A change from any other heading.
9015.10 – 9015.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9015.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9015.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9015.90	A change from any other heading.
90.16	A change from any other heading.
9017.10 – 9017.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9017.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9017.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9017.90	A change from any other heading.
9018.11 – 9021.90	A change from any other subheading.
9022.12	A change from any other subheading.
9022.13 – 9022.14	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9022.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9022.90 does not exceed 50 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9022.19 – 9022.21	A change from any other subheading.
9022.29 – 9022.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9022.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9022.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9022.90	A change from any other heading.
90.23	A change from any other heading.
9024.10 – 9024.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9024.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, providedthat the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9024.90 does not exceed 5 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9024.90	A change from any other heading.
9025.11 – 9025.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9025.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9025.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9025.90	A change from any other heading.
9026.10 – 9026.80	A change from any other subheading.
9026.90	A change from any other heading.
9027.10	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9027.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9027.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9027.20 – 9027.30	A change from any other subheading.
9027.50 – 9027.80	A change from any other subheading.
9027.90	A change from any other heading.
9028.10 – 9028.30	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9028.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9028.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9028.90	A change from any other heading.
9029.10 – 9029.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9029.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9029.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9029.90	A change from any other heading.
9030.10 – 9030.89	A change from any other subheading.
9030.90	A change from any other heading.
9031.10 – 9031.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9031.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9031.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9031.90	A change from any other heading.
9032.10 – 9032.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9032.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9032.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9032.90	A change from any other heading.
90.33	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 91	Clocks and Watches and Parts Thereof
91.01 – 91.07	A change from any other heading, except from heading 91.08 through 91.14; or A change from heading 91.08 through 91.14, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 91.08 through 91.14 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
91.08 – 91.10	A change from any other heading.
9111.10 – 9111.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9111.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 9111.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9111.90	A change from any other heading.
9112.20	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9112.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 9112.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9112.90	A change from any other heading.
91.13 – 91.14	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 92	Musical Instruments; Parts and Accessories of Such Articles
92.01 – 92.08	A change from any other heading, except from heading 92.09; or A change from heading 92.09, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 92.09 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
92.09	A change from any other heading.

Section XIX	Arms and Ammunition; Parts and Accessories Thereof (Chapter 93)
Chapter 93	Arms and Ammunition; Parts and Accessories Thereof
93.01 – 93.04	A change from any other heading, except from heading 93.05; or A change from heading 93.05, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of heading 93.05 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
93.05	A change from any other heading.
9306.21 – 9306.90	A change from any other heading.
93.07	A change from any other heading.

Section XX	Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Chapters 94 – 96)
Chapter 94	Furniture; Bedding, Mattresses, Mattress Supports, Cushions and Similar Stuffed Furnishings; Lamps and Lighting Fittings, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included; Illuminated Signs, Illuminated Name-Plates and the Like; Prefabricated Buildings
9401.10 – 9401.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9401.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9401.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9401.90	A change from any other heading.
94.02	A change from any other heading.
9403.10 – 9403.89	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9403.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9403.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9403.90	A change from any other heading.
94.04	A change from any other heading.
9405.10 –9405.60	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9405.91 through 9405.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9405.91 through 9405.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9405.91 – 9405.99	A change from any other heading.
94.06	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 95	Toys, Games and Sports Requisites; Parts and Accessories Thereof
95.03	A change from any other heading; or A change from within that heading, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of that heading does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
95.04 – 95.05	A change from any other heading.
9506.11 – 9506.29	A change from any other heading.
9506.31	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9506.39, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9506.39 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9506.32 – 9506.99	A change from any other heading.
95.07 – 95.08	A change from any other heading.

Chapter 96	Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles
96.01 – 96.04	A change from any other heading.
96.05	A change from any other chapter; or A change from any other heading within Chapter 96, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided the value of non-originating component goods of Chapter 96 does not exceed 20 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
9606.10	A change from any other heading.
9606.21 – 9606.29	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9606.30, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9606.30 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9606.30	A change from any other heading.
9607.11 – 9607.19	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9607.20, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9607.20 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9607.20	A change from any other heading.
9608.10 – 9608.40	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9608.60 through 9608.99, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9608.60 through 9608.99 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9608.50	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9608.10 through 9608.40, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of subheading 9608.10 through 9608.40 does not exceed 20 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
9608.60 – 9608.99	A change from any other heading.
96.09 – 96.10	A change from any other heading.
96.11	A change from any other heading; or A change to a set from within this heading or any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating component goods of this heading does not exceed 20 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the set.
96.12	A change from any other heading.
9613.10 – 9613.80	A change from any other heading; or A change from subheading 9613.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other heading, provided that the value of the non-originating materials of subheading 9613.90 does not exceed 55 percent of the transaction value or ex-works price of the good.
9613.90	A change from any other heading.
96.14 – 96.18	A change from any other heading.
96.19	A change from any other heading.

Section XXI	Works of Art, Collectors’ Pieces and Antiques (Chapter 97)
Chapter 97	Works of Art, Collectors’ Pieces and Antiques
97.01 – 97.06	A change from any other heading.

Chapter Four

Origin Procedures and Trade Facilitation

Section A – Certification of Origin

Article 4.1: Certificate of Origin

1. The Parties shall establish, by the date of entry into force of this Agreement, a Certificate of Origin to certify that a good exported from the territory of a Party into the territory of the other Party qualifies as an originating good. This Certificate of Origin may be modified as agreed by the Parties.

2. Each Party may require that a Certificate of Origin for a good imported into its territory is completed in, or translated into, a language required under its domestic law.¹

3. Each Party shall:

4. Paragraph 3 is not to be construed to require a producer to provide a Certificate of Origin to an exporter.

5. Each Party shall provide that a Certificate of Origin duly completed and signed by an exporter or a producer in the territory of the other Party is applicable to:

6. The Certificate of Origin referred to in paragraph 3 shall be accepted as proof of origin for at least two years, or for a longer period as specified by the importing Party's laws and regulations, after the date on which the Certificate of Origin was signed.

7. Each Party shall accept a Certificate of Origin that has been completed and signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement by the exporter or producer of an originating good imported into the territory of a Party on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Article 4.2: Obligations Regarding Importations

1. Except as provided in this Chapter, each Party shall require an importer in its territory that claims preferential tariff treatment for a good imported into its territory from the territory of the other Party to:

2. Each Party shall provide that, if an importer in its territory claims preferential tariff treatment for a good imported into its territory from the territory of the other Party:

3. Each Party shall, in accordance with its domestic law, provide that where a good would have qualified as an originating good when it was imported into the territory of that Party, the importer of the good may, within a period of at least one year or for a longer period specified by the importing Party's domestic law after the date on which the good was imported, apply for a refund of any excess duties paid as the result of the good not having been accorded preferential tariff treatment.

Article 4.3: Waiver of Certificate of Origin

Each Party shall provide that a Certificate of Origin is not required for:

Article 4.4: Obligations Regarding Exportations

1. Each Party shall provide that:

2. Each Party:

3. A Party shall not impose penalties on an exporter or a producer in its territory that voluntarily provides written notification pursuant to paragraph 1(b) with respect to the making of an incorrect certification.

Section B – Administration and Enforcement

Article 4.5: Record Keeping Requirements

Each Party shall provide that:

Article 4.6: Origin Verifications

1. For the purposes of determining whether a good imported into its territory from the territory of the other Party qualifies as an originating good, a Party may, through its customs administration, conduct a verification by means of:

2. Before conducting a verification visit pursuant to paragraph 1 (b), the Party shall, through its customs administration:

3. The notification referred to in paragraph 2 must include:

4. If an exporter or a producer has not given its written consent to a proposed verification visit within 30 days of receipt of notification under paragraph 2, the customs administration of the notifying Party may deny preferential tariff treatment to the good that would have been the subject of the visit.

5. Each Party shall provide that, on receipt of a notification under paragraph 2, an exporter or a producer may, within 15 days of receiving the notification, have one opportunity to make a request for a postponement of the proposed verification visit, for a period not exceeding 60 days, to the Party conducting the verification.

6. Each Party shall provide that, where its customs administration receives notification under paragraph 2, the customs administration may, within 15 days of receipt of the notification, postpone the proposed verification visit for a period not exceeding 60 days from the date of such receipt, or for such longer period as the Parties may agree.

7. A Party shall not deny preferential tariff treatment to a good based only on the postponement of a verification visit under paragraphs 5 and 6.

8. Each Party shall permit an exporter or a producer of the good that is the subject of a verification visit by the other Party, to designate one or two observers to be present during the visit, provided that:

9. A Party shall, through its customs administration, when conducting a verification of origin involving a value test, de minimis calculation or any other provision in Chapter Three (Rules of Origin), apply those provisions in compliance with the Customs Valuation Agreement, as applicable in the territory of the Party from which the good was exported.

10. The Party conducting the verification shall provide the exporter or producer of the good that is the subject of the verification with a written determination of whether the good qualifies as an originating good, including findings of fact and the legal basis for the determination.

11. If verifications by a Party indicate a pattern of conduct by an exporter or a producer of false or unsupported representations that a good imported into its territory qualifies as an originating good, the Party may withhold preferential tariff treatment to identical goods exported or produced by that person until that person establishes compliance with Chapter Three (Rules of Origin), in accordance with that Party's domestic law.

Article 4.7: Denial of Preferential Tariff Treatment

Except as provided in this Chapter, the importing Party may deny a claim for preferential tariff treatment or recover unpaid customs duties in accordance with its domestic law, if the good does not meet the requirements of Chapter Three (Rules of Origin), or if the importer, exporter, or producer fails to comply with any of the relevant requirements of this Chapter.

Article 4.8: Confidentiality

1. Each Party shall maintain, in accordance with its domestic law, the confidentiality of the information collected under this Chapter and shall protect that information from disclosure that could prejudice the competitive position of the persons providing the information. If the Party receiving the information is required by its domestic law to disclose information, that Party shall notify the Party or person who provided that information.

2. The confidential information collected under this Chapter shall not be used for purposes other than the administration and enforcement of determinations of origin, and of customs matters, except with the permission of the person or Party that provided the confidential information.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, information that is obtained may be used in an administrative, judicial, or quasi-judicial proceedings instituted for failure to comply with customs related laws and regulations implementing Chapter Three (Rules of Origin) and this Chapter. The person or Party that provided the information will be notified in advance of such use.

Article 4.9: Penalties

1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures imposing criminal, civil, or administrative penalties for violations of its laws and regulations relating to this Chapter.

2. Articles 4.2.2, 4.4.3, and 4.6.7 are not to be construed to prevent a Party from applying measures that are warranted by the circumstances in accordance with its domestic law.

Section C – Advance Rulings

Article 4.10: Advance Rulings

1. Each Party shall, through its customs administration, provide for the expeditious issuance of written advance rulings, prior to the importation of a good into its territory, to an importer in its territory or an exporter or a producer in the territory of the other Party on the basis of the facts and circumstances presented by that importer, exporter, or producer of the good, concerning:

2. Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures for the issuance of advance rulings, including a detaileddescription of the information reasonably required to process an application for a ruling.

3. Each Party shall provide that its customs administration:

4. Each Party may provide that the customs administration may decline or postpone the issuance of the advance ruling, if an application for an advance ruling involves an issue that is the subject of:

5. Subject to paragraph 7, each Party shall apply an advance ruling to importations into its territory of the good for which the ruling was requested, beginning on the date of its issuance or a later date as may be specified in the ruling.

6. Each Party shall provide consistent treatment with respect to the application for advance rulings provided that the facts and circumstances are identical in all material respects.

7. The issuing Party may modify or revoke an advance ruling:

8. Each Party shall provide that a modification or revocation of an advance ruling shall be effective on the date on which the modification or revocation is issued, or on a later date as may be specified in the ruling, and shall not be applied to importations of a good that have occurred prior to that date, unless the person to which the advance ruling was issued has not acted in accordance with its terms and conditions.

9. Notwithstanding paragraph 8, the issuing Party shall postpone the effective date of the modification or revocation for a period not exceeding 90 days if the person to which the advance ruling was issued demonstrates that it has relied in good faith on that ruling to its detriment.

10. Each Party shall provide that, if its customs administration examines the value test of a good for which it has issued an advance ruling, the customs administration shall evaluate whether:

11. Each Party shall provide that, if its customs administration determines that a requirement in paragraph 10 has not been satisfied, the Party may modify or revoke the advance ruling if the circumstances warrant.

12. Each Party shall provide that:

13. Each Party shall provide that if it issues an advance ruling to a person that has misrepresented or omitted material facts or circumstances on which the ruling is based, or has failed to act in accordance with the terms and conditions of the ruling, that Party may apply measures that are warranted by the circumstances, in accordance with its domestic law.

14. Each Party shall provide that an advance ruling remains in effect and will be honoured if there is no change in the material facts or circumstances on which it is based, in accordance with its domestic law.

Section D – Review and Appeal of Determinations of Origin and Advance Rulings

Article 4.11: Review and Appeal

Each Party shall grant substantially the same rights of review and appeal of determinations of origin and advance rulings by its customs administration, as it provides to importers in its territory, to a person:

2. Further to Articles 19.3 (Administrative Proceedings) and 19.4 (Review and Appeal), each Party shall provide that the rights of review and appeal referred to in paragraph 1 include access to:

Section E – Uniform Regulations

Article 4.12: Uniform Regulations

1. The Parties shall establish and implement, through their respective laws, regulations, or administrative policies, by the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Uniform Regulations regarding the interpretation, application, and administration of this Chapter.

2. Each Party shall implement any modification of or addition to the Uniform Regulations within an amount of time as agreed by the Parties.

Section F – Cooperation

Article 4.13: Cooperation

1. Each Party shall, in an official language(s), of one of the Parties, notify the other Party of the following determinations, measures, and rulings, including, to the extent practicable, those that are prospective in application:

2. The Parties recognise that technical cooperation between the Partiesis fundamental to facilitating compliance with the obligations set forth in this Agreement and for reaching a greater degree of trade facilitation.

3. The Parties, through their customs administrations, agree to develop a technical cooperation program under such mutually agreed terms as to the scope, timing, and cost of cooperative measures in customs-related areas.

4. The Parties shall cooperate:

SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade

Model Measures for Trade Facilitation in RTAs/FTAs

Article 4.14: Rules of Origin and Customs Committee

1. The Parties hereby establish a Rules of Origin and Customs Committee, composed of representatives of each Party, to consider any matter arising under this Chapter and Chapter Three (Rules of Origin).

2. The Committee shall meet at the request of either Party.

3. The operations of the Committee will include:

Section G – Trade Facilitation

Article 4.15: Objectives and Principles

1. With the objectives of facilitating trade under this Agreement and of cooperating in pursuing trade facilitation initiatives on a multilateral basis, each Party agrees to administer their import and export processes for goods traded under this Agreement on the basis that:

Article 4.16: Release of Goods

1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain simplified customs procedures for the efficient release of goods in order to facilitate trade between the Parties.

2. Pursuant to paragraph 1, each Party shall ensure that its customs administration or other competent authority adopt or maintain procedures that:

3. Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures under which goods in need of emergency clearance may be released24 hours a day, seven days a week, including holidays.

4. The Parties recognise that, for certain goods or under certain circumstances, such as goods subject to a quota or to health-related or public safety requirements, releasing the goods may require the submission of moreextensive information, before, or at the time of arrival of the goods, to enable the authorities to examine the goods for release.

5. The Parties shall ensure that the requirements of their respective agencies related to the import and export of goods are coordinated to facilitate trade, regardless of whether these requirements are administered by an agency or on behalf of that agency by the customs administration. To further this objective, each Party shall take steps to harmonise the data requirements of its respective agencies with the objective of allowing importers and exporters to present all required data to one agency.

6. The Parties, through their customs administrations, shall establish means of consultation with their trade and business communities to promote greater cooperation and the exchange of electronic information.

Article 4.17: Automation

Each Party shall use information technology that expedites procedures for the release of goods and shall:

Article 4.18: Risk Management

The Parties shall facilitate and simplify the process and procedures for the release of low-risk goods, and shall improve controls on the release of high-risk goods. For these purposes, the Parties shall base their examination and release procedures and their post-entry verification procedures on risk assessment principles, rather than examining each and every shipment offered for entry in a comprehensive manner for compliance with all import requirements. This shall not preclude the Parties from conducting quality control and compliance reviews, which may require more extensive examinations.

Article 4.19: Express Shipments

Each Party shall adopt or maintain expedited customs procedures for express shipments while maintaining appropriate customs control and selection. These procedures shall:

Guidelines for the Immediate Release of Consignments by Customs

Article 4.20: Transparency

1. Each Party shall promptly publish or otherwise make available, including through electronic means, all its legislation, regulations, and notices of an administrative nature relating to its requirements for imported or exported goods, such as general agency requirements and entry procedures, hours of operation, and points of contacts for information enquiries.

2. This Article does not require a Party to publish, or otherwise make available, law enforcement procedures and internal operational guidelinesincluding those related to conducting risk assessment.

Section H – Definitions

Article 4.21: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

customs administration means the authority that is responsible under the law of a Party for the administration and application of its customs laws and regulations;

determination of origin means a determination as to whether a good qualifies as an originating good in accordance with Chapter Three(Rules of Origin);

exporter means an exporter located in the territory of a Party and an exporter required under this Chapter to maintain records in the territory of that Party regarding exportations of a good;

express shipments means shipments falling under the WCO Guidelines for the Immediate Release of Consignments by Customs;

identical goods means goods that are the same in all respects, including physical characteristics, quality, and reputation, irrespective of minor differences in appearance that are not relevant to a determination of origin of those goods under Chapter Three (Rules of Origin);

importer means an importer located in the territory of a Party and an importer required under this Chapter to maintain records in the territory of that Party regarding importations of a good;

indirect material has the same meaning as "indirect material" in Article 3.14 (Indirect Materials);

material means "material" as defined in Article 3.20 (Definitions);

net cost of a good means "net cost of a good" as defined in Article 3.20 (Definitions);

preferential tariff treatment means the duty rate applicable to an originating good;

producer means "producer" as defined in Article 3.20 (Definitions);

production means "production" as defined in Article 3.20 (Definitions);

transaction value or ex-works price of the good means "transaction value or ex-works price of the good" as defined in Article 3.20 (Definitions);

Uniform Regulations means "Uniform Regulations" established under Article 4.12; and

value means value of a good or material for the purposes of calculating customs duties or for the purposes of applying Chapter Three (Rules of Origin).

Chapter Five

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

Article 5.1: Objectives

The objectives of this Chapter are to minimise the negative effects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on trade while protecting human, animal and plant life or health in the territory of each Party and enhance the implementation of the SPS Agreement.

Article 5.2: Scope

This Chapter applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures that may, directly or indirectly, affect trade between the Parties.

Article 5.3: Rights and Obligations of the Parties,

The Parties affirm their rights and obligations under the SPS Agreement.

Article 5.4: Dispute Settlement

This Chapter is not subject to Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement).

Article 5.5: Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, composed of representatives of each Party who are responsible for sanitary and phytosanitary matters.

2. Upon entry into force of this Agreement, each Party shall designate a contact point to coordinate the Committee meetings.

3. The objectives of the Committee are to enhance each Party’s implementation of the SPS Agreement while respecting each other’s rights to adopt measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health, enhance cooperation and consultation on sanitary and phytosanitary matters, and minimise negative effects on trade between the Parties.

4. Each Party shall ensure the participation, as appropriate, of representatives with responsibility for the development, implementation, and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures from its relevant government authorities in the Committee meetings.

5. Recognising that the management of sanitary and phytosanitary matters must rely on science and risk-based assessment and is best achieved through bilateral cooperation and consultation, the Committee shall seek to enhance present or future relationships between the Parties’ agencies with responsibility for sanitary and phytosanitary matters. For these purposes, the Committee shall:

6. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Committee shall meet no later than one year following the entry into force of this Agreement. The Committee shall establish its rules of procedure at its initial meeting. Thereafter, the Committee shall meet once a year, unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Chapter Six

Standards-Related Measures

Article 6.1: Scope and Coverage

1. Except as provided in paragraph 2, this Chapter applies to all standards-related measures that may affect trade in goods between the Parties.

2. This Chapter does not apply to:

Article 6.2: Extent of Obligations

1. Article 1.4 (Extent of Obligations) does not apply to this Chapter. This Chapter applies only to national governments unless otherwise specified.

2. Each Party shall provide information to sub-national ¹ and local governments and authorities to encourage their adherence to this Chapter, as appropriate.

Article 6.3: Affirmation of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Other International Agreements

Further to Article 1.2 (Relation to Other Agreements):

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

mutatis mutandis

Article 6.4: Cooperation

1. The Parties shall strengthen their cooperation in the field of standards-related measures with a view to increasing the mutual understanding of their respective systems and facilitating access to their respective markets.

2. The Parties shall mutually identify trade facilitating bilateral initiatives regarding standards-related measures that are appropriate for particular issues or sectors, taking into consideration the respective Parties’ experience in other regional and multilateral agreements or arrangements of which both Parties are party or member.

3. Further to paragraphs 1 and 2, the Parties shall cooperate, in particular, by:

4. If a Party declines a request from the other Party to engage in negotiations on an agreement for facilitating recognition in its territory of the results of conformity assessment procedures conducted by bodies in the other Party’s territory, it shall explain, at the request of the other Party, the reasons for its decision.

5. In accordance with Articles 2.4 and 5.4 of the TBT Agreement, as incorporated into this Agreement, each Party shall use relevant international standards as a basis for its technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures.

6. The Parties shall, within the context of this Article, expeditiously broaden the exchange of information and give favourable consideration to any written request for discussion.

Article 6.5: Cooperation in Sector-Specific Initiatives

1. Each Party shall take all appropriate measures as may be available to it to ensure that sub-national and local governments comply with this Article, as appropriate.

2. The Parties shall cooperate in sector-specific initiatives, including by:

Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment (1998)

Article 6.6: Transparency

1. When a Party notifies WTO Members of a proposed technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure under the TBT Agreement, it shall transmit electronically, at the same time, the proposed technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure to the other Party.

2. On request, each Party shall promptly provide the other Party with the regulatory impact analysis statement for the technical regulation that the Party has adopted or is proposing to adopt, provided that it is publicly available.

3. Each Party shall ensure that transparency procedures regarding the development of technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures allow interested parties to participate at an early appropriate stage, when amendments can still be introduced and comments taken into account, except if urgent problems of safety, health, environmental protection, or national security arise or threaten to arise. If consultations respecting the development of technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures are open to the public, each Party shall permit persons of the other Party to participate on terms no less favourable than those accorded to its own persons.

4. Each Party shall recommend that non-governmental bodies in its territory observeparagraph 3 in the consultation process for the development of standards and voluntary conformity assessment procedures.

5. Each Party shall allow a period of at least 60 days for the public and the other Party to provide written comments on proposed standards-related measures, except if urgent problems of safety, health, environmental protection, or national security arise or threaten to arise.

6. For the purposes of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5, a Party may transmit its proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, their impact analysis statements for the technical regulation, and comments on proposed standards-related measures of the other Party to the enquiry point of the other Party established under Article 10 of the TBT Agreement.

7. When appropriate, each Party shall publish or otherwise make available to the public, in print or electronically, its responses, or a summary of its responses, to significant comments it receives no later than the date it publishes the final technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure.

Article 6.7: Automotive Standards-Related Measures

1. A Party shall allow on its market automotive goods originating in the other Party pursuant to the provisions of this Article.

Safety Standards Incorporation or Equivalence

2. Korea shall accept as complying with the corresponding Korea Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (hereinafter referred to as “KMVSS”²), as amended, automotive goods originating in Canada that comply with:

Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Korea, of the One Part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the Other Part

⁴

If Korea incorporates any additional FMVSS, UN regulations, or other standards or regulations into its domestic law or otherwise accepts any such additional standards or regulations as equivalent to KMVSS, it shall also accept as complying with the corresponding KMVSS automotive goods of Canada that comply with these standards or regulations, as they are incorporated into, including any adaptations, or deemed equivalent to, its domestic law.

3. Canada shall accept as complying with the corresponding Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (hereinafter referred to as “CMVSS” ⁵ , as amended, automotive goods originating in Korea that comply with:

If Canada incorporates any additional FMVSS, UN regulations, or other standards or regulations into its domestic law or otherwise accepts any such additional standards or regulations as equivalent to CMVSS, it shall also accept as complying with the corresponding CMVSS automotive goods of Korea that comply with these standards or regulations, as they are incorporated into, including any adaptations, or deemed equivalent to, its domestic law.

4. Notwithstanding compliance with the standards or regulations referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, each Party may:

5. If a Party modifies its domestic law pursuant to paragraph 4(d), the Party shall notify the other Party of the modification. Without prejudice to paragraph 4(d), if such modification renders inappropriate the continued incorporation into, or otherwise acceptance as equivalent to, its domestic law of the standards and regulations covered by paragraphs 2 and 3, the Parties may decide to amend accordingly the relevant provisions of this Agreement upon consideration by the Commission.

Compliance Testing

6. Each Party shall promptly communicate to the concerned manufacturer or importer a decision taken on compliance testing if the manufacturer or importer is deemed by competent national authorities not to be in compliance with relevant laws or regulations, as well as the basis for any such decision and information on available legal remedies.

7. The Parties agree to use relevant Global Technical Regulations, or other guides or recommendations issued by international standardising bodies (hereinafter collectively referred to as “guides or recommendations”), or relevant parts of them, if they exist, as a basis for compliance testing procedures on automotive goods, except if such guides or recommendations are inappropriate for the Party concerned for reasons covered by Article 5.4 of the TBT Agreement and duly explained upon request of the other Party ⁶. If a Party proposes to apply a compliance testing procedure that is not based on relevant guides or recommendations, it shall publish in advance the procedure it proposes to adopt, and provide interested persons a reasonable opportunity to comment.

New Technologies

8. A Party shall not prevent or unduly delay the placing on its market of an automotive good on the ground that the good incorporates a new technology or a new feature which has not yet been regulated unless the Party demonstrates, at the request of the other Party, based on scientific or technical information, that this new technology or new feature creates a risk for human health, safety, or the environment.

9. If a Party decides to refuse the placing on its market or require the withdrawal from its market of an automotive good on the ground that the good incorporates a new technology or a new feature creating a risk for human health, safety, or the environment, the Party shall immediately notify the other Party and the importer of the good of its decision. The notification shall include all relevant scientific or technical information.

Cooperation

10. The Parties shall endeavour to promote cooperation on automotive goods issues under discussion in the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), or its successor.

Article 6.8: Committee on Standards-Related Measures

1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Standards-Related Measures, composed of trade and relevant regulatory officials, as set out in Annex 6-C.

2. The functions of the Committee include:

3. The Committee shall meet at least once a year unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Article 6.9: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

automotive good means all forms of motor vehicles, systems, and parts thereof falling under Chapters 40, 84, 85, 87, and 94 of the Harmonized System (HS), except the following goods:

Good Regulatory Practices means Good Regulatory Practices as defined by the OECD Guiding Principles for Regulatory Performance (2005); and

standards-related measures means standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures as defined by the TBT Agreement.

Annex 6-A
List referred to in Article 6.7.2(a) ⁷

Subject FMVSS, and other
standards or regulations Corresponding KMVSS

Occupant crash protection Frontal FMVSS 208 KMVSS Article 102 para. 1, 3

Side FMVSS 214 KMVSS Article 102 para. 1

Steering control rearward displacement FMVSS 214 KMVSS Article 89 para. 1 item 2

Fuel leakage in collision FMVSS 301 KMVSS Article 91 para. 1

Windshield mounting FMVSS 212 KMVSS Article 105 para. 2 items 1, 2

Windshield zone intrusion FMVSS 219 KMVSS Article 105 para. 2 item 3

Seating systems FMVSS 207 KMVSS Article 97

Head restraints FMVSS 202a KMVSS Articles 26, 99

Door locks and door retention components FMVSS 206 KMVSS Article 104 para. 2

Occupant protection in interior impact (instrument panel, seat back, armrest, sun visor) FMVSS 201 KMVSS Articles 88, 98, 100, 101

Bumper impact 49 CFR Part 581 KMVSS Article 93

Inside rear view mirror impact FMVSS 111 KMVSS Article 108

Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system FMVSS 203 KMVSS Article 89 para. 1 item 1

Side door strength FMVSS 214 KMVSS Article 104 para. 1

Roof crush resistance FMVSS 216a KMVSS Article 92

Seat belt assembly anchorages FMVSS 210 KMVSS Article 27 para. 1, 2, Article 103 para. 1, 2, 3

Lighting and
signalling system Installation FMVSS 108 KMVSS Articles 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47

Head lamp FMVSS 108 ⁸ KMVSS Article 38, Article 48 para. 3, Article 106 item 1

Fog Lamp ⁹, ¹⁰ SAE J583 (September 2005 Edition) and SAE J1319 (May 2005 Edition), or subsequent amendments to those standards KMVSS Article 38-2, Article 106 item 2

Backup lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 39, Article 106 item 3

Clearance lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 40, Article 106 item 4

Registration plate Lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 41, Article 106 item 5

Tail lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 42, Article 106 item 6

Stop lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 43 para. 1, Article 106 item 7

Center high mounted stop lamp FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 43 para. 2, 3, Article 106 item 8

Turn signal FMVSS 108¹¹ KMVSS Article 44, Article 106 item 9

Auxiliary turn signal FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 44, Article 106 item 10

Signal lamp of bus transporting children FMVSS 108 KMVSS Article 48 para. 4, Article 106 item 11

Driver’s visibility FMVSS 111 KMVSS Article 50 para. 1, 2, Article 94 para. 1

Engine power ISO 1585¹² KMVSS Article 38, Article 48 para. 3, Article 106 item 1

Device for securing driver’s visibility Windshield wiping system FMVSS 104 KMVSS Article 51 para. 2, Article 109 item 1

Defrosting system FMVSS 103 KMVSS Article 109 item 2

Defogging system FMVSS 103 KMVSS Article 109 item 3

Windshield washing system FMVSS 104 KMVSS Article 109 item 4

Accelerator control FMVSS 124 KMVSS Article 87

Fuel economy 40 CFR Part 600 KMVSS Article 111-4 para 1, para 2 item 1

Passenger car brake FMVSS 135 KMVSS Article 15 para 1, 3, 8, Article 90 item 1

Rapid loss of inflation pressure FMVSS 110 KMVSS Article 88-2

Flammability of interior materials FMVSS 302 KMVSS Article 95

Interior compartment door FMVSS 201 KMVSS Article 111-3

Annex 6-B

Table 1

List referred to in Article 6.7.3(a)¹³, ¹⁴

Subject FMVSS, and other standards or regulations Corresponding CMVSS

Controls and Displays FMVSS 101 CMVSS 101

Windshield Defrost and Defog FMVSS 103 CMVSS 103

Windshield Wiping and Wash FMVSS 104 CMVSS 104

Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems FMVSS 105 CMVSS 105

Brake Hoses FMVSS 106 CMVSS 106

Lighting System and Retro-reflective devices FMVSS 108 CMVSS 108

Passenger Car Tires FMVSS 109 CMVSS 109

Tire Selection and Rims FMVSS 110 CMVSS 110

Hood Latch Systems FMVSS 113 CMVSS 113

Theft Protection and Rollaway prevention FMVSS 114 CMVSS 114

Vehicle Identification Number 49CFR565 CMVSS 115

Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids FMVSS 116 CMVSS 116

Power-operated Windows, Partition and Roof Panel Systems FMVSS 118 CMVSS 118

Certain Tires, other than Passenger Car Tires FMVSS 119 CMVSS 119

Tire Selection and Rims for Vehicles other than Passenger Cars FMVSS 120 CMVSS 120

Air Brake Systems FMVSS 121 CMVSS 121

Motorcycle Brake Systems FMVSS 122 CMVSS 122

Motorcycle Controls and Displays FMVSS 123 CMVSS 123

Accelerator Control Systems FMVSS 124 CMVSS 124

Electronic Stability Control FMVSS 126 CMVSS 126

School Bus Pedestrian Safety Devices FMVSS 131 CMVSS 131

Light Vehicle Brake Systems FMVSS 135 CMVSS 135

New Radial Ply Tires for Light Vehicles FMVSS 139 CMVSS 139

Occupant Protection FMVSS 201 CMVSS 201

Head Restraints FMVSS 202 CMVSS 202

Driver Impact Protection FMVSS 203 CMVSS 203

Steering Column Rearward Displacement FMVSS 204 CMVSS 204

Glazing Materials FMVSS 205 CMVSS 205

Door Locks and Door Retention Components FMVSS 206 CMVSS 206

Anchorage of Seats FMVSS 207 CMVSS 207

Occupant Protection Frontal Impact FMVSS 208 CMVSS 208

Seat Belt Assemblies FMVSS 209 CMVSS 209

Windshield Mounting FMVSS 212 CMVSS 212

Bumpers (Passenger Cars) 49CFR581 CMVSS 215

Roof Crush Resistance FMVSS 216 CMVSS 216

Windshield Zone Intrusion FMVSS 219 CMVSS 219

Rollover Protection FMVSS 220 CMVSS 220

Fuel System Integrity FMVSS 301 CMVSS 301

Flammability of Interior Materials FMVSS 302 CMVSS 302

Electrolyte Spillage and Electrical Shock Protection FMVSS 305 CMVSS 305

Interior Trunk Release FMVSS 401 CMVSS 401

Low Speed Vehicles FMVSS 500 CMVSS 500

Table 2

List referred to in Article 6.7.3(b)¹⁵

Subject UN Regulations Corresponding CMVSS

Headlamps UN-R 98 CMVSS 108

Headlamps UN-R 112 CMVSS 108

Headlamps UN-R 113 CMVSS 108

Passenger vehicle noise UN-R 51 CMVSS 1106

Motorcycle noise UN-R 41 CMVSS 1106

Door latches and door retention components UN-R 11 CMVSS 206

Immobilizer UN-R 116 (immobilizer only) CMVSS 114

Front and rear protective devices (Bumpers) UN-R 42 CMVSS 215

Motorcycle brakes UN-R 78 CMVSS 122

Headlamps UN-R 8 CMVSS 108

Headlamps UN-R 20 CMVSS 108

Headlamps UN-R 31 CMVSS 108

Motorcycle Headlamps UN-R 57 CMVSS 108

Motorcycle Headlamps UN-R 72 CMVSS 108

Annex 6-C

Committee on Standards-Related Measures

The Committee on Standards-Related Measures shall be coordinated by:

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Chapter Seven

Trade Remedies

Section A – Safeguard Measures

Article 7.1: Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Safeguards Agreement

1. Each Party retains its rights and obligations under Article XIX of the GATT 1994, the Safeguards Agreement, and any successor agreements. This Agreement does not confer additional rights or obligations on the Parties with regard to measures taken pursuant to Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Safeguards Agreement, except that a Party taking a global safeguard measure may exclude imports of an originating good of the other Party from such measure if those imports are not a substantial cause of serious injury or threat thereof.

2. A Party shall not apply or maintain, with respect to the same good, at the same time:

Article 7.2: Bilateral Safeguard Measures

1. Subject to paragraph 2, if a good originating in the territory of a Party, as a result of the reduction or elimination of a customs duty provided for under this Agreement, is being imported into the territory of the other Party in such increased quantities and under such conditions that the imports of the good from that Party alone constitute a substantial cause of serious injury, or threat thereof, to a domestic industry producing a like or directly competitive good, the Party into whose territory the good is being imported may, to the minimum extent necessary to remedy or prevent the injury:

2. The following conditions and limitations apply to a proceeding that may result in the application of a safeguard measure pursuant to paragraph 1:

4. The right of suspension referred to in paragraph 3 shall not be exercised for the first 24 months during which a safeguard measure is in effect, provided that the safeguard measure conforms to the provisions of this Agreement.

Article 7.3: Provisional Safeguard Measures

1. In critical circumstances, if delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, a Party may apply a safeguard measure on a provisional basis pursuant to a preliminary determination by its competent investigating authority that there is clear evidence that imports of an originating good from the other Party have increased as a result of the reduction or elimination of a customs duty under this Agreement, and that those imports constitute a substantial cause of serious injury, or threat thereof, to the domestic industry.

2. Before a Party’s competent investigating authority may make a preliminary determination, that Party shall publish a public notice in its official journal setting forth how interested parties, including importers and exporters, may obtain a non-confidential copy of the application requesting a provisional safeguard measure, and shall provide interested parties with at least 20 days after the date the Party publishes the notice to submit evidence and views regarding the application of a provisional safeguard measure. A Party shall not apply a provisional safeguard measure until at least 45 days after the date its competent investigating authority initiates an investigation.

3. The duration of any provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 200 days, during which time the applying Party shall comply with the requirements of Article 7.5.4.

4. The applying Party shall promptly refund any customs duty increases if the investigation described in Article 7.5.4 does not result in a finding that the requirements of Article 7.2.1 are met. The duration of any provisional safeguard measure shall be counted as part of the period described in Article 7.2.2(c).

Article 7.4: Application of Safeguard Measures

A safeguard measure with respect to a good may only be applied during the transition period for that good.

Article 7.5: Administration of Safeguard Measures

1. Each Party shall ensure the consistent, impartial, and reasonable administration of its laws, regulations, decisions, and rulings governing all safeguard measures.

2. Each Party shall entrust determinations of serious injury, or threat thereof, in safeguard measure proceedings to a competent investigating authority, subject to review by judicial or administrative tribunals, to the extent provided by its domestic law. Negative injury determinations are not subject to modification, except by such review. Each Party shall provide the competent investigating authority empowered under its domestic law to conduct those proceedings with the necessary resources to enable that Party to fulfil its duties.

3. Each Party shall adopt or maintain equitable, timely, transparent, and effective procedures for safeguard measure proceedings, in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 4.

4. A Party may apply a safeguard measure only following an investigation by the Party’s competent investigating authority in accordance with Articles 3 and 4.2 of the Safeguards Agreement. To this end, Articles 3 and 4.2 of the Safeguards Agreement are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis.

Article 7.6: Dispute Settlement in Safeguard Measures Matters

A Party shall not request the establishment of a panel under Article 21.6 (Establishment of a Panel) regarding proposed safeguard measures.

Section B – Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

Article 7.7: Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

Relation to Other Agreements

Notification and Consultation

2. Upon receipt by a Party’s competent authority of a properly documented antidumping or countervailing duty application in respect of imports from the other Party, and before initiating an investigation, that Party shall provide written notification to the other Party of its receipt of the application and afford the other Party a meeting or other similar opportunity regarding the application, consistent with that Party’s domestic law.

Lesser duty

Undertakings

Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

Section C – Committee on Trade Remedies

Article 7.8: Committee on Trade Remedies

1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Trade Remedies, composed of representatives at an appropriate level from relevant agencies of each Party who have responsibility for trade remedies matters, including antidumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguards issues.

2. The functions of the Committee, which operates on the basis of consensus in respect of all matters, are to:

3. The Committee shall meet at least once a year and may meet more frequently as agreed by the Parties.

Section D – Definitions

Article 7.9: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

competent investigating authority means:

or their respective successors;

domestic industry means the producers as a whole of the like or directly competitive good operating in the territory of a Party or producers whose collective production of the like or directly competitive good constitutes a major proportion of the total domestic production of those goods;

safeguard measure means a measure described in Article 7.2;

serious injury means a significant overall impairment of a domestic industry;

substantial cause means a cause that is important and not less important than any other cause;

threat of serious injury means serious injury that, on the basis of facts and not merely on allegation, conjecture, or remote possibility, is clearly imminent; and

transition period means the period beginning on the date of entry into force of this Agreement and ending on the date that is the earliest of:

Chapter Eight

Investment

Section A - Investment

Article 8.1: Scope and Coverage

1. This Chapter applies to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to:

2. For greater certainty, this Chapter does not apply to an act or fact that took place or a situation that ceased to exist before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

3. For the purposes of this Chapter, measures adopted or maintained by a Party means measures adopted or maintained by:

Article 8.2: Relation to Other Chapters

1. In the event of an inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, the other Chapter prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.

2. A requirement by a Party that a service supplier of the other Party post a bond or other form of financial security as a condition of the cross-border supply of a service does not of itself make this Chapter applicable to measures adopted or maintained by the Party relating to such cross-border supply of the service. This Chapter applies to measures adopted or maintained by the Party relating to the posted bond or financial security to the extent that such bond or financial security is a covered investment.

3. This Chapter does not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party to the extent that they are covered by Chapter Ten (Financial Services).

Article 8.3: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.

2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments of its own investors with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.

3. The treatment accorded by a Party under paragraphs 1 and 2 means, with respect to a sub-national government, treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that sub-national government to investors, and to investments of investors, of the Party of which it forms a part.

Article 8.4: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment ¹, ²

1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investors of a non-party with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.

2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments of investors of a non-party with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.

Article 8.5: Minimum Standard of Treatment ³

1. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment in accordance with customary international law, including fair and equitable treatment and full protection and security.

2. For greater certainty, paragraph 1 prescribes the customary international law minimum standard of treatment of aliens as the minimum standard of treatment to be accorded to covered investments. The concepts of “fair and equitable treatment” and “full protection and security” in paragraph 1 do not require treatment in addition to or beyond that which is required by the customary international law minimum standard of treatment of aliens.

3. The obligation in paragraph 1 to provide:

4. A breach of another provision of this Agreement, or of a separate international agreement, does not establish a breach of this Article.

Article 8.6: Compensation for Losses

1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party, and to covered investments, non-discriminatory treatment with respect to measures it adopts or maintains relating to losses suffered by investments in its territory owing to armed conflict or civil strife.

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to existing measures relating to subsidies or grants that would be inconsistent with Article 8.3, but for Article 8.9.5(b).

Article 8.7: Senior Management and Boards of Directors

1. A Party shall not require an enterprise of that Party, which is a covered investment, to appoint natural persons of a particular nationality to senior management positions.

2. A Party may require that a majority of the board of directors, or a committee, of an enterprise of that Party, which is a covered investment, be of a particular nationality, or resident in the territory of that Party, provided that the requirement does not materially impair the ability of the investor to exercise control over its investment.

Article 8.8: Performance Requirements

1. A Party shall not, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, or operation of an investment in its territory of an investor of a Party or of a non-party, impose or enforce a requirement or enforce a commitment or undertaking ⁴:

2. A measure that requires an investment to use a technology to meet generally applicable health, safety, or environmental requirements is not to be construed to be inconsistent with paragraph 1(f). For greater certainty, Articles 8.3 and 8.4 apply to the measure.

3. A Party shall not make the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, or operation of an investment in its territory of an investor of a Party or of a non-party, conditional on compliance with any of the following requirements:

4. Paragraph 3 is not to be construed to prevent a Party from making the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage, in connection with an investment in its territory of an investor of a Party or of a non-party, conditional on compliance with a requirement to locate production, supply a service, train or employ workers, construct or expand particular facilities, or carry out research and development, in its territory. ⁵

5. Paragraph 1(f) does not apply:

⁶

6. The provisions of:

7. Paragraphs 1 and 3 do not apply to a commitment, undertaking, or requirement other than those set out in those paragraphs.

8. This Article does not preclude enforcement of a commitment, undertaking, or requirement between private parties, if a Party did not impose or require the commitment, undertaking, or requirement. For the purposes of this Article, private parties include designated monopolies or state enterprises, if such entities are not exercising delegated governmental authority.

Article 8.9: Non-Conforming Measures

1. Articles 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.8 do not apply to:

⁷

⁸

2. Articles 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.8 do not apply to a measure that a Party adopts or maintains with respect to sectors, sub-sectors, or activities, as set out in its Schedule to Annex II.

3. A Party shall not, under a measure adopted after the date of entry into force of this Agreement and set out in its Schedule to Annex II, require an investor of the other Party, by reason of its nationality, to sell or otherwise dispose of an investment existing at the time the measure becomes effective.

4. Articles 8.3 and 8.4 do not apply to a measure that is an exception to, or derogation from, the obligations under Article 16.6 (National Treatment) as specifically provided in that Article.

5. Articles 8.3, 8.4, and 8.7 do not apply to:

Article 8.10: Investment and Environment

1. This Chapter is not to be construed to prevent a Party from adopting, maintaining, or enforcing a measure consistent with this Chapter that it considers appropriate to ensure that investment activity in its territory is undertaken in a manner sensitive to environmental concerns.

2. The Parties recognise that it is inappropriate to encourage investment by relaxing domestic health, safety, or environmental measures. Accordingly, a Party should not waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or otherwise derogate from, such measures as an encouragement for the establishment, acquisition, expansion, or retention in its territory of an investment of an investor. If a Party considers that the other Party has offered such an encouragement, that Party may request consultations with the other Party and the Parties shall consult with a view to avoiding any such encouragement.

Article 8.11: Expropriation and Compensation ⁹

1. A Party shall not expropriate or nationalise a covered investment, directly or indirectly, through a measure equivalent to expropriation or nationalisation (hereinafter referred to as “expropriation”), except:

2. The compensation referred to in paragraph 1(d) shall:

3. The affected investor shall have the right under the law of the expropriating Party to a prompt review, by a judicial or other independent authority of that Party, of its case and of the valuation of its investment in accordance with the principles set out in this Article.

4. This Article does not apply to compulsory licenses granted in relation to intellectual property rights under the TRIPS Agreement, or to the revocation, limitation, or creation of intellectual property rights, provided that the issuance, revocation, limitation, or creation is consistent with the WTO Agreement.

Article 8.12: Transfers

1. Each Party shall permit transfers relating to a covered investment to be made freely, and without delay, into and out of its territory. Those transfers include:

2. Each Party shall permit transfers relating to a covered investment to be made in a freely usable currency. Transfers shall be made at the market rate of exchange prevailing at the time of transfer.

3. Each Party shall permit returns in kind relating to a covered investment to be made as authorised or specified in a written agreement between the Party and a covered investment or an investor of the other Party.

4. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1, 2, and 3, a Party may prevent a transfer through the equitable, non-discriminatory, and good faith application of its domestic law relating to:

5. A Party shall not require its investors to transfer, or penalise its investors for failure to transfer the income, earnings, profits, or other amounts derived from, or attributable to investments in the territory of the other Party.

6. Paragraph 5 is not to be construed to prevent a Party from imposing a measure through the equitable, non-discriminatory, and good faith application of its domestic law relating to the matters referred to in paragraphs 4(a) through (e).

7. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a Party may restrict transfers of returns in kind in circumstances where it could otherwise restrict those transfers under this Agreement and as set out in paragraph 4.

Article 8.13: Subrogation

1. If a Party or an agency of a Party makes a payment to one of its investors under a guarantee or a contract of insurance that it has entered into in respect of an investment, the other Party shall recognise the validity of the subrogation in favour of that Party or the agency of the Party to a right or title held by the investor.

2. A Party or an agency of a Party which is subrogated to the rights of an investor in accordance with paragraph 1, is entitled in all circumstances to the same rights as those of the investor in respect of the investment. These rights may be exercised by the Party or an agency of the Party, or by the investor if the Party or an agency of the Party so authorises.

Article 8.14: Denial of Benefits

1. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to an investor of the other Party that is an enterprise of that Party and to investments of that investor if persons of a non-party own or control the enterprise and the denying Party adopts or maintains measures with respect to the non-party or a person of the non-party that prohibit transactions with the enterprise or that would be violated or circumvented if the benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the enterprise or to its investments.

2. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to an investor of the other Party that is an enterprise of that Party and to investments of that investor if the enterprise has no substantial business activities in the territory of the other Party under whose domestic law it is constituted or organised and persons of a non-party, or of the denying Party, own or control the enterprise.

Article 8.15: Special Formalities and Information Requirements

1. Article 8.3 is not to be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining a measure that prescribes special formalities in connection with the establishment of investments by investors of the other Party, including a requirement that investments be legally constituted under the laws or regulations of the Party, provided that those formalities do not materially impair the protections afforded by a Party to investors of the other Party and investments of investors of the other Party under this Chapter.

2. Notwithstanding Articles 8.3 and 8.4, a Party may require an investor of the other Party, or its investment in the Party’s territory, to provide routine information concerning that investment solely for informational or statistical purposes. The Party shall protect such business information that is confidential from disclosure that would prejudice the competitive position of the investor or the investment. This paragraph is not to be construed to prevent a Party from otherwise obtaining or disclosing information in connection with the equitable and good faith application of its law.

Article 8.16: Corporate Social Responsibility

Each Party should encourage enterprises operating within its territory or subject to its jurisdiction to voluntarily incorporate internationally recognised standards of corporate social responsibility in their practices and their internal policies, including statements of principle that are endorsed or supported by the Parties. These principles address issues such as labour, environment, human rights, community relations, and anti-corruption.

Section B – Investor-State Dispute Settlement

Article 8.17: Purpose

Without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the Parties under Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement), this Section establishes a mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes.

Article 8.18: Claim by an Investor of a Party on Its Own Behalf

An investor of a Party may submit to arbitration under this Section a claim that the other Party has breached an obligation under Section A, other than Articles 8.10, 8.15, and 8.16 and that the investor has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising out of, that breach.

Article 8.19: Claim by an Investor of a Party on Behalf of an Enterprise

1. An investor of a Party, on behalf of an enterprise of the other Party that is a juridical person that the investor owns or controls directly or indirectly, may submit to arbitration under this Section a claim that the other Party has breached an obligation under Section A, other than Articles 8.10, 8.15, and 8.16 and that the enterprise has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising out of, that breach.

2. If an investor makes a claim pursuant to this Article and the investor or a non controlling investor in the enterprise makes a claim pursuant to Article 8.18 arising out of the same events that gave rise to the claim under this Article, and two or more of the claims are submitted to arbitration pursuant to Article 8.23, the claims should be heard together by a Tribunal established under Article 8.28, unless the Tribunal finds that the interests of a disputing party would be prejudiced as a result.

3. An investment shall not make a claim under this Section.

Article 8.20: Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration

1. The disputing investor shall deliver to the disputing Party written notice of its intent to submit a claim to arbitration (hereinafter referred to as the “Notice of Intent”) at least 90 days before submitting the claim. The Notice of Intent must specify:

2. The disputing investor shall also deliver, with its Notice of Intent, evidence establishing that it is an investor of the other Party. Examples of evidence that might be relevant include a copy of a title to property, a deed of incorporation of the enterprise, share certificates, and a joint venture agreement.

Article 8.21: Consultation and Negotiation

In the event of an investment dispute, the disputing investor and the disputing Party shall initially seek to resolve the dispute through consultation and negotiation, which may include the use of non-binding third-party procedures.

Article 8.22: Conditions Precedent to Submission of a Claim to Arbitration

1. A disputing investor may submit a claim to arbitration pursuant to Article 8.18 only if:

2. A disputing investor may submit a claim to arbitration pursuant to Article 8.19 only if:

3. A consent and waiver required by this Article shall be delivered to the disputing Party and shall be included in the submission of a claim to arbitration.

4. A waiver from the enterprise under paragraph 1(e) or 2(e) shall not be required only if a disputing Party has deprived a disputing investor of control of the enterprise.

5. Failure to meet any of the conditions precedent provided for in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 nullifies the consent of the Parties given in Article 8.24.

Article 8.23: Submission of a Claim to Arbitration

1. Except as provided in Annex 8-C, a disputing investor who meets the conditions precedent provided for in Article 8.22 may submit the claim to arbitration:

2. The applicable arbitration rules govern the arbitration unless they are modified by this Section.

Article 8.24: Consent to Arbitration

1. Each Party consents to the submission of a claim to arbitration in accordance with the procedures set out in this Agreement.

2. The consent given in paragraph 1 and the submission by a disputing investor of a claim to arbitration shall satisfy the requirement of:

Article 8.25: Arbitrators

1. Except in respect of a Tribunal established pursuant to Article 8.28, and unless the disputing parties agree otherwise, the Tribunal shall be composed of three arbitrators, one arbitrator appointed by each of the disputing parties and the third, who shall be the presiding arbitrator, appointed by agreement of the disputing parties.

2. Arbitrators must:

3. The disputing parties should agree on the arbitrators’ remuneration. If the disputing parties do not agree on such remuneration before the Tribunal is constituted, the prevailing ICSID rate for arbitrators applies.

Article 8.26: Constitution of a Tribunal by the Secretary-General

1. The Secretary-General shall serve as appointing authority for an arbitration under this Section if a Party fails to appoint an arbitrator or the disputing parties are unable to agree on a presiding arbitrator.

2. If a Tribunal, other than a Tribunal established pursuant to Article 8.28, is not constituted within 90 days from the date that a claim is submitted to arbitration, the Secretary-General, at the request of either disputing party, shall appoint, in his or her discretion, the arbitrator or arbitrators not yet appointed. The presiding arbitrator shall not be a national of either Party.

Article 8.27: Agreement to Appointment of Arbitrators

For the purposes of Article 39 of the ICSID Convention and Article 7 of Schedule C to the ICSID Additional Facility Rules, and without prejudice to an objection to an arbitrator based on a ground other than nationality:

Article 8.28: Consolidation

1. A Tribunal established under this Article shall be established under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules and shall conduct its proceedings in accordance with those Rules, unless otherwise provided in this Section.

2. If a Tribunal established under this Article is satisfied that claims submitted to arbitration under Article 8.23 have a question of law or fact in common, the Tribunal may, in the interests of fair and efficient resolution of the claims, and after hearing the disputing parties, by order:

3. A disputing party that seeks an order under paragraph 2 shall request that the Secretary-General establish a Tribunal and shall specify in the request:

4. The disputing party shall deliver a copy of the request to the disputing Party or disputing investors against which the order is sought.

5. The Secretary-General shall, within 60 days of receipt of the request, establish a Tribunal composed of three arbitrators appointed from the ICSID Panel of Arbitrators. To the extent arbitrators are not available from that Panel, appointments shall be at the discretion of the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General shall appoint one member who is a national of the disputing Party, one member who is a national of the Party of the disputing investors and a presiding arbitrator, who is not a national of either Party.

6. If a Tribunal is established pursuant to this Article, a disputing investor that has submitted a claim to arbitration pursuant to Article 8.23 and that has not been named in a request made pursuant to paragraph 3 may submit a written request to the Tribunal that it be included in an order made pursuant to paragraph 2, and shall specify in the request:

7. A disputing investor referred to in paragraph 6 shall deliver a copy of its request to the disputing parties named in a request made pursuant to paragraph 3.

8. A Tribunal established pursuant to Article 8.23 does not have jurisdiction to decide a claim, or a part of a claim, over which a Tribunal established pursuant to this Article has assumed jurisdiction.

9. On the application of a disputing party, a Tribunal established pursuant to this Article, pending its decision pursuant to paragraph 2, may order that the proceedings of a Tribunal established pursuant to Article 8.23 be stayed, unless the latter Tribunal has already adjourned its proceedings.

Article 8.29: Notice to the Non-Disputing Party

A disputing Party shall deliver to the non-disputing Party a copy of the Notice of Intent and other documents, such as the Notice of Arbitration and the Statement of Claim, within 30 days of the date that those documents are delivered to the disputing Party.

Article 8.30: Documents

1. The non-disputing Party is entitled, at its cost, to receive from the disputing Party:

2. The non-disputing Party receiving information pursuant to paragraph 1 shall treat the information on the same basis as the Party providing the information treats them.

Article 8.31: Participation by the Non-Disputing Party

1. On written notice to the disputing parties, the non-disputing Party may make oral or written submissions to a Tribunal on a question of interpretation of this Agreement. Upon the request of a disputing party, the non-disputing Party shall submit its oral submission in writing.

2. The non-disputing Party shall treat the information it receives at hearings on the same basis as the Party providing the information treats them.

Article 8.32: Place of Arbitration

1. Unless otherwise agreed by the disputing parties, a Tribunal shall hold an arbitration in the territory of a Party that is a party to the New York Convention, selected in accordance with:

2. Unless otherwise agreed by the disputing parties, the Tribunal may determine a place for meetings and hearings, other than the legal place of arbitration. In doing so, the Tribunal shall take into consideration, its convenience for the parties and the arbitrators, the location of the subject matter, and the proximity of the evidence.

Article 8.33: Language of Proceedings

1. Unless otherwise agreed by the disputing parties, the language of the arbitration proceedings, including hearings, decisions, and awards, shall be:

2. Communications, submissions, witness statements and documentary evidence can be submitted in either one of the language of the arbitration without a translation.

Article 8.34: Preliminary Objections to Jurisdiction or Admissibility

If issues relating to jurisdiction or admissibility are raised as preliminary objections, the Tribunal shall, whenever possible, decide the matter before proceeding to the merits.

Article 8.35: Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings

1. Subject to paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, the disputing Party shall, after receiving the following documents, promptly transmit them to the non-disputing Party and make them available to the public:

2. The Tribunal shall conduct hearings open to the public and shall determine, in consultation with the disputing parties, the appropriate logistical arrangements. However, a disputing party that intends to use information designated as protected information in a hearing shall advise the Tribunal. The Tribunal shall . make appropriate arrangements to protect the information from disclosure.

3. This Section does not require a disputing Party to disclose protected information or to furnish or allow access to information that it may withhold in accordance with Articles 22.2 (National Security) and 22.5 (Disclosure of Information).

4. Any protected information that is submitted to the Tribunal shall be protected from disclosure in accordance with the following procedures:

(i) withdraw all or part of its submission containing such information; or

(ii) agree to resubmit complete and redacted documents with corrected designations in accordance with the Tribunal’s determination and subparagraph (c).

5. This Section does not require a disputing Party to withhold from the public information required to be disclosed in accordance with its domestic law.

6. Each Party may share with officials of its respective national, sub-national, and local governments all relevant unredacted documents in the course of dispute settlement under this Agreement, but it shall ensure that those persons protect any confidential information in those documents.

Article 8.36: Submissions by a Non-Disputing Party

1. Any person of a Party, or a person with a significant presence in the territory of a Party, that wishes to file a written submission with a Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the “applicant”) shall apply for leave from the Tribunal to file a non disputing party submission, in accordance with Annex 8-D. The applicant shall attach the submission to the application.

2. The applicant shall serve the application for leave to file a non-disputing party submission and its written submission on all disputing parties and the Tribunal.

3. The Tribunal shall set an appropriate date for the disputing parties to comment on the application for leave to file a non-disputing party submission.

4. In determining whether to grant leave to file a non-disputing party submission, the Tribunal shall consider, among other things, the extent to which:

5. The Tribunal shall ensure that:

6. After consulting the disputing parties, the Tribunal shall decide whether to grant leave to file a non-disputing party submission. If leave to file a non-disputing party submission is granted, the Tribunal shall set an appropriate date for the disputing parties to respond in writing to the non-disputing party submission. By that date, the non-disputing Party may, pursuant to Article 8.31, address any issues of interpretation of this Agreement presented in the non-disputing party submission.

7. The Tribunal that grants leave to file a non-disputing party submission is not required to address the submission at any point in the arbitration, and the non-disputing party that files the submission is not entitled to make further submissions in the arbitration.

8. The provisions pertaining to public access to hearings and documents pursuant to Article 8.35 govern access to hearings and documents by non-disputing parties that file applications pursuant to this Article.

Article 8.37: Governing Law

1. A Tribunal established under this Section shall decide the issues in dispute in accordance with this Agreement and applicable rules of international law.

2. The Commission’s interpretation of a provision of this Agreement shall be binding on a Tribunal established under this Section and an award under this Section shall be consistent with that interpretation.

Article 8.38: Interpretation of Annexes

1. If the disputing Party asserts as a defence that the measure alleged to be a breach is within the scope of a reservation or exception set out in Annex I, Annex II or Annex III, the Tribunal shall, at the request of that disputing Party, request the Commission to interpret the issue. Within 60 days of delivery of the request, the Commission shall submit in writing its interpretation to the Tribunal.

2. Further to Article 8.37.2, the interpretation by the Commission submitted under paragraph 1 is binding on the Tribunal. If the Commission fails to submit an interpretative decision within 60 days, the Tribunal shall decide the issue.

Article 8.39: Expert Reports

Without prejudice to the appointment of other kinds of experts, if authorised by the applicable arbitration rules, the Tribunal, at the request of a disputing party or, unless the disputing parties disapprove, on its own initiative, may appoint one or more experts to report to it in writing on a factual issue concerning environmental, health, safety or other scientific matters raised by a disputing party in a proceeding, subject to such terms and conditions as the disputing parties may agree.

Article 8.40: Interim Measures of Protection

The Tribunal may order an interim measure of protection to preserve the rights of a disputing party, or to ensure that the Tribunal’s jurisdiction is made fully effective, including an order to preserve evidence in the possession or control of a disputing party or to protect the Tribunal’s jurisdiction. The Tribunal shall not order attachment or enjoin the application of the measure alleged to constitute a breach referred to in Article 8.18 or 8.19. For the purposes of this Article, an order includes a recommendation.

Article 8.41: Final Award

1. If the Tribunal makes a final award against a disputing Party, the Tribunal may award, separately or in combination, only:

The Tribunal may also award costs in accordance with the applicable arbitration rules.

2. Subject to paragraph 1, if a claim is made pursuant to Article 8.19.1:

3. The Tribunal shall not order a disputing Party to pay punitive damages.

Article 8.42: Finality and Enforcement of an Award

1. An award made by the Tribunal does not have binding force except between the disputing parties and in respect of that particular case.

2. Subject to paragraph 3 and the applicable review procedure for an interim award, a disputing party shall abide by and comply with an award without delay.

3. A disputing party shall not seek enforcement of a final award until:

4. Each Party shall provide for the enforcement of an award in its territory.

5. If the disputing Party fails to abide by or comply with a final award, the Party of the disputing investor may refer the matter to a dispute settlement panel under Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement). The Party of the disputing investor may seek the following in these proceedings:

6. A disputing investor may seek to enforce an arbitration award under the ICSID Convention, or the New York Convention regardless of whether proceedings are taken pursuant to paragraph 5.

7. A claim that is submitted to arbitration under this Section is considered to arise out of a commercial relationship or transaction for the purposes of Article I of the New York Convention.

Article 8.43: Procedural and Other Matters

Time when a Claim is Submitted to Arbitration

1. A claim is submitted to arbitration under this Section when:

Service of Documents

2. Notices and other documents shall be delivered to a Party at the place named for that Party below:

or their respective successors.

Receipts under Insurance or Guarantee Contracts

3. In an arbitration under this Section, a disputing Party shall not assert, as a defence, counterclaim, right of setoff, or otherwise, that the disputing investor has received or will receive, pursuant to an insurance or guarantee contract, indemnification or other compensation for all or part of its alleged damages.

Article 8.44: Exclusions

The dispute settlement provisions of this Section and of Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement) shall not apply to the matters referred to in Annex 8-F.

Section C – Definitions

Article 8.45: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

confidential information means confidential business information and information that is privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under a Party’s domestic law;

covered investment means, with respect to a Party, an investment in its territory of an investor of the other Party existing on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, or established, acquired, or expanded thereafter;

disputing investor means an investor that makes a claim under Section B;

disputing Party means a Party against which a claim is made under Section B;

disputing party means the disputing investor or the disputing Party;

enterprise means an “enterprise” as defined in Article 1.8 (Definitions of General Application) and a branch of an enterprise;

enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organised under the domestic law of a Party, and a branch of that enterprise located in the territory of a Party and carrying out business activities there;

freely usable currency means “freely usable currency” as determined by the International Monetary Fund under its Articles of Agreement and amendments thereto;

ICSID means the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes;

ICSID Convention means the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, done at Washington on 18 March 1965;

intellectual property rights means copyright and related rights, trademark rights, rights in geographical indications, rights in the industrial designs, patent rights, rights in layout designs of integrated circuits, and rights in relation to protection of undisclosed information;

investment means any asset that an investor owns or controls, directly or indirectly, that has the characteristics of an investment, including such characteristics as the commitment of capital or other resources, the expectation of gain or profit, the assumption of risk, and a certain duration. Forms that an investment may take include:

¹⁰

¹¹

For the purposes of this Agreement, a claim to payment that arises solely from the commercial sale of goods and services is not an investment, unless it is a loan that has the characteristics of an investment.

investment of an investor of a Party means an investment owned or controlled directly or indirectly by an investor of that Party;

investor of a Party ¹² means a Party or a state enterprise thereof, or a national or enterprise of a Party that seeks to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of the other Party, provided however that:

investor of a non-party means an investor other than an investor of a Party, that seeks to make, is making, or has made an investment;

New York Convention means the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York on 10 June 1958;

non-disputing Party means the Party that is not a party to an investment dispute under Section B;

Secretary-General means the Secretary-General of ICSID;

transfers include international payments;

Tribunal means an arbitration tribunal established pursuant to Article 8.23 or Article 8.28;

UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules means the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, approved by the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1976.

Annex 8-A

Customary International Law

The Parties confirm their shared understanding that “customary international law” generally and as specifically referenced in Article 8.5 results from a general and consistent practice of States that they follow from a sense of legal obligation. With regard to Article 8.5, the customary international law minimum standard of treatment of aliens refers to all customary international law principles that protect the investments of aliens.

Annex 8-B

Expropriation

The Parties confirm their shared understanding that:

¹³

¹⁴

Annex 8-C

Submission of a Claim to Arbitration

1. An investor of Canada shall not submit to arbitration under Section B a claim that Korea has breached an obligation under Section A:

if the investor or the enterprise, respectively, has alleged that breach of an obligation under Section A in proceedings before a court or administrative tribunal of Korea.

2. If an investor of Canada or an enterprise of Korea that is a juridical person that an investor of Canada owns or controls directly or indirectly makes an allegation that Korea has breached an obligation under Section A before a judicial or administrative tribunal of Korea, that election is final and that investor shall not thereafter allege the same breach in an arbitration under Section B.

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not preclude an investor of Canada from initiating an action that seeks interim injunctive relief and does not involve the payment of monetary damages before a judicial or administrative tribunal of Korea, provided that the action is brought for the sole purpose of preserving the disputing investor’s or the enterprise’s rights and interests during the pendency of the arbitration.

4. An investor of Korea may initiate or continue proceedings for injunctive, declaratory or other extraordinary relief, not involving the payment of damages, before a judicial or administrative tribunal under the domestic law of Canada.

Annex 8-D

Submissions by Non-Disputing Parties

1. An application for leave to file a non-disputing party submission must:

2. The submission filed by a non-disputing party must:

Annex 8-E

Possibility of a Bilateral Appellate Mechanism

Within three years after the date this Agreement enters into force, the Parties shall consider whether to establish a bilateral appellate body or similar mechanism to review awards rendered pursuant to Article 8.42 in arbitrations commenced after they establish the appellate body or similar mechanism.

Annex 8-F

Exclusions from Dispute Settlement

A decision by Canada following a review under the Investment Canada Act, with respect to whether or not to permit an investment that is subject to review, is not subject to the dispute settlement provisions of Section B of this Chapter or of Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement).

Chapter Nine

Cross-Border Trade in Services

Article 9.1: Scope and Coverage

1. This Chapter applies to measures adopted or maintained by a Party affecting cross-border trade in services by service suppliers of the other Party, including measures affecting:

ul> (a) the production, distribution, marketing, sale, and delivery of a service;

(b) the purchase or use of, or payment for, a service;

(c) the access to and use of distribution, transport, or telecommunications networks and services in connection with the supply of a service;

(d) the presence in its territory of a service supplier of the other Party; and

(e) the provision of a bond or other form of financial security as a condition for the provision of a service.

2. For the purposes of this Chapter, measures adopted or maintained by a Party means measures adopted or maintained by:

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, Articles 9.4 and 9.7 apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party affecting the supply of a service in its territory by a covered investment ¹ as defined in Article 8.45 (Definitions).

4. This Chapter does not apply to:

5. This Chapter is not to be construed to impose an obligation on a Party with respect to a national of the other Party seeking access to its employment market, or a national of the other Party employed on a permanent basis in its territory, and does not confer that national a right with respect to that access or employment.

6. This Chapter does not apply to services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority in a Party's territory.

Article 9.2: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own service suppliers.

2. The treatment accorded by a Party under paragraph 1 means, with respect to a sub-national government, treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that sub-national government to service suppliers of the Party of which it forms a part.

Article 9.3: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment

Each Party shall accord to service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to service suppliers of a non-party.

Article 9.4: Market Access

A Party shall not adopt or maintain, either on the basis of its entire territory or on the basis of a sub-national government, a measure that:

Article 9.5: Local Presence

A Party shall not require a service supplier of the other Party to establish or maintain a representative office or any form of enterprise, or to be resident, in its territory as a condition for the cross-border supply of a service.

Article 9.6: Non-Conforming Measures

1. Articles 9.2 through 9.5 do not apply to:

⁴

2. Articles 9.2 through 9.5 do not apply to a measure that a Party adopts or maintains with respect to sectors, sub-sectors, or activities, as set out in its Schedule to Annex II.

3. Annex 9-A sets out specific commitments with regard to consultation regarding a non-conforming measure adopted or maintained by a sub-national government.

Article 9.7: Domestic Regulation

1. If a Party requires authorisation for the supply of a service covered by this Chapter, the Party, through its competent authorities, shall, within a reasonable period of time after the submission of an application considered complete under its laws and regulations, inform the applicant of the decision concerning the application. At the request of the applicant, the Party, through its competent authorities, shall provide, without undue delay, information concerning the status of the application.

2. The Parties note their mutual obligations related to domestic regulation in Article VI:4 of the GATS and affirm their commitment respecting the development of any necessary disciplines pursuant to Article VI:4 of the GATS. To the extent that any such disciplines are adopted by the WTO Members, the Parties shall, as appropriate, review them jointly with a view to determining whether this Article needs to be supplemented.

Article 9.8: Recognition

1. For the purposes of fulfilment, in whole or in part, of its standards or criteria for the authorisation, licensing, or certification of service suppliers, and subject to the requirements of paragraph 5, a Party may recognise the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in a particular country. Such recognition, which may be achieved through harmonisation or otherwise, may be based on an agreement or arrangement with the country concerned or may be accorded autonomously.

2. If a Party recognises, autonomously or by agreement or arrangement, the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in the territory of a non-party, Article 9.3 is not to be construed to require the Party to accord such recognition to the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in the territory of the other Party.

3. On request of the other Party, a Party shall promptly provide information, including appropriate descriptions, concerning a recognition agreement or arrangement that the Party or relevant bodies in its territory have concluded.

4. A Party that is a party to an agreement or arrangement of the type referred to in paragraph 1, whether existing or future, shall afford adequate opportunity for the other Party, if the other Party is interested, to negotiate accession to such an agreement or arrangement or to negotiate a comparable one with that other Party. If a Party accords recognition autonomously, it shall afford adequate opportunity for the other Party to demonstrate that education, experience, licenses, or certifications obtained or requirements met in that other Party's territory should be recognised.

5. A Party shall not accord recognition in a manner which would constitute a means of discrimination between countries in the application of its standards or criteria for the authorisation, licensing, or certification of service suppliers, or a disguised restriction on trade in services.

6. The Parties shall endeavour to ensure that the relevant bodies in their respective territories:

7. On receipt of a notification referred to in paragraph 6(d), the Commission shall review the agreement or arrangement within a reasonable period of time to determine whether it is consistent with this Agreement. Based on the Commission's review, each Party shall ensure that its respective competent authorities, if appropriate, implement the agreement or arrangement within a mutually agreed period of time.

Article 9.9: Temporary Licensing

1. If the Parties agree, each Party shall encourage the relevant bodies in its territory to develop procedures for the temporary licensing of professional service suppliers of the other Party.

2. Notwithstanding Article 9.8, each Party shall endeavour to ensure that the relevant bodies in their respective territories:

3. On receipt of a notification referred to in paragraph 2(d), the Commission shall review the procedures within a reasonable period of time to determine whether they are consistent with this Agreement. Based on the Commission's review, each Party shall ensure that its respective competent authorities, if appropriate, implement the procedures within a mutually agreed period of time.

4. If a relevant body in the territory of a Party implements procedures for the temporary licensing of professional service suppliers of a non-party, the Party shall notify the existence of such procedures promptly to the other Party and shall, within a reasonable period of time, provide information on the terms and conditions that were agreed upon for the implementation of the procedures.

Article 9.10: Denial of Benefits

1. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to a service supplier of the other Party if the service supplier is an enterprise owned or controlled by persons of a non party, and the denying Party adopts or maintains measures with respect to the non party or a person of the non-party that prohibit transactions with the enterprise or that would be violated or circumvented if the benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the enterprise.

2. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to a service supplier of the other Party if the service supplier is an enterprise owned or controlled by persons of a non party or of the denying Party that has no substantial business activities in the territory of the other Party.

Article 9.11: Payments and Transfers

1. Each Party shall permit all payments and transfers relating to the cross-border supply of services to be made freely and without delay into and out of its territory.

2. Each Party shall permit such payments and transfers relating to the cross-border supply of services to be made in a freely usable currency at the market rate of exchange prevailing at the time of payment or transfer.

3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2, a Party may prevent or delay a payment or transfer through the equitable, non-discriminatory, and good faith application of its law relating to:

Article 9.12: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

aircraft repair and maintenance services means such activities when undertaken on an aircraft or a part thereof while it is withdrawn from service and does not include so-called line maintenance;

computer reservation system (CRS) services means services supplied by computerised systems that contain information about air carriers' schedules, availability, fares, and fare rules, through which reservations can be made or tickets may be issued;

cross-border trade in services or cross-border supply of services means the supply of a service:

enterprise means an "enterprise" as defined in Article 1.8 (Definitions of General Application) and a branch of an enterprise;

professional services means services, the supply of which requires specialised post-secondary education, or equivalent training or experience or examination, and for which the right to practice is granted or restricted by a Party, but does not include services supplied by tradespersons or crew members of a vessel or aircraft;

selling and marketing of air transport services means opportunities for the air carrier concerned to sell and market freely its air transport services including all aspects of marketing such as market research, advertising, and distribution, but does not include the pricing of air transport services nor the applicable conditions;

service supplied in the exercise of governmental authority means a service which is supplied neither on a commercial basis, nor in competition with one or more service suppliers; and

service supplier of a Party means a person of that Party that seeks to supply or supplies a service ⁵.

Annex 9-A

Consultations Regarding Non-Conforming Measures Maintained by a Sub-National Government

If a Party considers that an Annex I non-conforming measure applied by a sub national government of the other Party creates a material impediment to a service supplier of the Party, an investor of the Party, or a covered investment, it may request consultations with regard to that measure. If a Party considers that an Annex I non conforming measure applied by a sub-national government of the other Party prevents the development of a mutual recognition agreement or arrangement or prevents a service supplier of a Party from receiving the benefits of such an agreement or arrangement, it may also request consultations with regard to that measure. The Parties shall enter into consultations with a view to exchanging information on the operation of the measure and to considering whether further steps are necessary and appropriate.

Annex 9-B

Sectors to be Developed: Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements

Annex 9-C

Guidelines for Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements for the Professional Services Sector

Introductory Notes

This Annex provides practical guidance for governments, negotiating entities or other entities entering into mutual recognition negotiations for the professional services sector. These guidelines are non-binding and are intended to be used by the Parties on a voluntary basis. They do not modify or affect the rights and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement.

The objective of these guidelines is to facilitate the negotiation of mutual recognition agreements or arrangements (hereinafter referred to as "MRAs").

The examples listed under this Annex are provided by way of illustration. The listing of these examples is indicative and is intended neither to be exhaustive, nor as an endorsement of the application of such measures by the Parties.

Section A – Conduct of Negotiations and Relevant Obligations

Introductory Note

With reference to the obligations of the Parties under Article 9.8, this Section sets out elements considered useful in the discharge of these obligations.

Opening of Negotiations

1. The information supplied by a Party to the Commission should include the following:

Results

2. Upon the conclusion of an MRA by a Party, the information it should supply to the Commission includes:

Follow-up Actions

3. Follow-up actions by a Party supplying information under paragraph 1 include ensuring that:

Single Negotiating Entity

4. Where no single negotiating entity exists, the Parties are encouraged to establish one.

Section B – Form and Content of MRAs

Introductory Note

This Section sets out various issues that may be addressed in MRA negotiations and, if so agreed during the negotiations, included in the MRA. It includes some basic ideas on what a Party might require of foreign professionals seeking to take advantage of an MRA.

Participants

5. The MRA should identify clearly:

Purpose of the MRA

6. The purpose of the MRA should be clearly stated.

Scope of the MRA

7. The MRA should set out clearly:

MRA Provisions

8. The MRA should clearly specify the conditions to be met for recognition in the territories of each Party and the level of equivalence agreed between the parties to the MRA. The precise terms of the MRA depend on the basis on which the MRA is founded, as discussed above. In case the requirements of the various sub-national jurisdictions of a party to an MRA are not identical, the difference should be clearly presented. The MRA should address the applicability of the recognition granted by one sub-national jurisdiction in the other sub-national jurisdictions of the party to the MRA.

Eligibility for Recognition - Qualifications

9. If the MRA is based on recognition of qualifications, then it should, where applicable, state:

Eligibility for Recognition - Registration

10. If the MRA is based on recognition of the licensing or registration decision made by regulators in he country of origin, it should specify the mechanism by which eligibility for such recognition may be established.

11. (a) Where it is considered necessary to provide for additional requirements in order to ensure the quality of the service, the MRA should set out the conditions under which those requirements may apply, for example, in case of shortcomings in relation to qualification requirements in the host country or knowledge of local law, practice, standards, and regulations. This knowledge should be essential for practice in the host country or required because there are differences in the scope of licensed practice.

(b) Where additional requirements are deemed necessary, the MRA should set out in detail what they entail (for example, examination, aptitude test, additional practice in the host country or in the country of origin, practical training, and language used for examination).

Mechanisms for Implementation

12. The MRA should state:

13. As a guide to the treatment of individual applicants, the MRA should include details on:

14. The MRA should also include the following commitments:

Licensing and Other Provisions in the Host Country

15. Where applicable:

Revision of the MRA

16. If the MRA includes terms under which it can be reviewed or revoked, the details of such terms should be clearly stated.

Chapter Ten

Financial Services

Article 10.1: Scope and Coverage

1. This Chapter applies to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to:

2. Chapters Eight (Investment) and Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services) apply to measures described in paragraph 1 only to the extent that those Chapters or Articles of those Chapters are incorporated into this Chapter.

3. This Chapter is not to be construed to prevent a Party, including its public entities, from exclusively conducting or providing in its territory:

4. This Chapter does not apply to domestic laws, regulations, or requirements governing the procurement by government entities of financial services purchased for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial resale or use in the supply of services for commercial sale.

Article 10.2: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own investors in like circumstances, with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of financial institutions and investments in financial institutions in its territory.

2. Each Party shall accord to financial institutions of the other Party and to investments of investors of the other Party in financial institutions treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own financial institutions and to investments of its own investors in financial institutions, in like circumstances, with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of financial institutions and investments.

3. For the purposes of the national treatment obligations in Article 10.5.1, a Party shall accord to cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own financial service suppliers, in like circumstances, with respect to the supply of the relevant service.

4. The treatment that a Party is required to accord under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 means, with respect to measures adopted or maintained by a sub-national government, treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that sub-national government to investors in financial institutions, financial institutions, investments of investors in financial institutions, and financial service suppliers of the Party of which it forms a part.

Article 10.3: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment

Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party, financial institutions of the other Party, investments of investors of the other Party in financial institutions, and cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords to investors, financial institutions, investments of investors in financial institutions, and cross-border financial service suppliers of a non-party, in like circumstances.

Article 10.4: Market Access for Financial Institutions

A Party shall not adopt or maintain, with respect to financial institutions of the other Party, or investors of the other Party seeking to establish such institutions, either on the basis of its entire territory or on the basis ' of a sub-national government, a measure that:

Article 10.5: Cross-Border Trade ²

1. Each Party shall permit, under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party to supply the services specified in Annex 10-A.

2. Each Party shall permit persons located in its territory, and its nationals, wherever they are located, to purchase financial services from cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party located in the territory of the other Party. This obligation does not require a Party to permit such suppliers to do business or solicit in its territory. Subject to paragraph 1, each Party may define “doing business” and “solicitation” for the purposes of this obligation.

3. Without prejudice to other means of prudential regulation of cross-border trade in financial services, a Party may require the registration of cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party and of financial instruments.

Article 10.6: New Financial Services ³

A Party shall permit a financial institution of the other Party to supply a new financial service that the Party would permit its own financial institutions, in like circumstances, to supply without additional legislative action by the Party. Notwithstanding Article 10.4(b), a Party may determine the institutional and juridical form through which the new financial service may be supplied and may require authorisation for the supply of the service. If a Party requires a financial institution to obtain authorisation to supply a new financial service, the Party shall decide within a reasonable time whether to issue the authorisation and the authorisation may only be refused for prudential reasons.

Article 10.7: Treatment of Certain Information

This Chapter does not require a Party to furnish or allow access to:

Article 10.8: Senior Management and Boards of Directors ⁴

1. A Party shall not require financial institutions of the other Party to engage natural persons of a particular nationality as senior managerial or other essential personnel.

2. A Party shall not require that more than a simple majority of the board of directors of a financial institution of the other Party be composed of nationals of the Party, or natural persons residing in the territory of the Party.

Article 10.9: Non-Conforming Measures

1. Articles 10.2 through 10.5 and Article 10.8 do not apply to:

⁵

⁶

⁷

2. Articles 10.2 through 10.5 and Article 10.8 do not apply to a measure that a Party adopts or maintains with respect to sectors, sub-sectors, or activities, as set out by that Party in Section B of its Schedule to Annex III.

3. A non-conforming measure set out in a Party’s Schedule to Annex I or II as not subject to Article 8.3 (National Treatment), 8.4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment), 9.2 (National Treatment), or 9.3 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) shall be treated as a non-conforming measure not subject to Article 10.2 or 10.3, as the case may be, to the extent that the measure, sector, sub-sector, or activity set out in the non-conforming measure is covered by this Chapter.

Article 10.10: Exceptions

1. This Chapter, or Chapter Eight (Investment), Chapter Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services), Chapter Eleven (Telecommunications), Chapter Twelve (Temporary Entry for Business Persons), Chapter Thirteen (Electronic Commerce), Chapter Fourteen (Government Procurement), or Chapter Fifteen (Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises), are not to be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining measures for prudential reasons ⁸, including for the protection of investors, depositors, policy holders, or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial institution or cross-border financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. If such measures do not conform to the provisions of this Agreement referred to in this paragraph, they shall not be used as a means of avoiding the Party’s commitments or obligations under such provisions.

2. This Chapter, or Chapter Eight (Investment), Chapter Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services), Chapter Eleven (Telecommunications), Chapter Thirteen (Electronic Commerce), or Chapter Fifteen (Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises), do not apply to non-discriminatory measures of general application taken by a public entity in pursuit of monetary and related credit policies or exchange rate policies. This paragraph shall not affect a Party’s obligations under Article 8.8 (Performance Requirements), with respect to measures covered by Chapter Eight (Investment) or under Articles 8.12 (Transfers) and 9.11 (Payments and Transfers).

3. Notwithstanding Articles 8.12 (Transfers) and 9.11 (Payments and Transfers), as incorporated into this Chapter, a Party may prevent or limit transfers by a financial institution or cross-border financial service supplier to, or for the benefit of, an affiliate of or person related to that institution or supplier, through the equitable, non-discriminatory, and good faith application of measures relating to maintenance of the safety, soundness, integrity, or financial responsibility of financial institutions or cross-border financial service suppliers. This paragraph does not prejudice any other provision of this Agreement that permits a Party to restrict transfers.

4. For greater certainty, this Chapter is not to be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by a Party of measures necessary to secure compliance with its domestic laws or regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter, including those relating to the prevention of deceptive and fraudulent practices or to deal with the effects of a default on financial services contracts, subject to the requirement that those measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where like conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on investment in financial institutions or cross-border trade in financial services.

5. The Parties recognise the importance of accommodating new financial services in their markets consistent with prudential requirements. The Parties confirm that Article 10.6 does not apply to cross-border trade in financial services or any new financial service that the Party would not permit its own financial institutions, in like circumstances, to supply. The Parties further confirm that a Party may apply prudential regulations to new financial services.

Article 10.11: Transparency

1. The Parties recognise that transparent regulations and policies governing the activities of financial institutions and cross-border financial service suppliers are important in facilitating access of foreign financial institutions and foreign cross-border financial service suppliers to, and their operations in, each other’s market. Each Party commits to promote regulatory transparency in financial services.

2. Each Party shall ensure that all measures of general application to which this Chapter applies are administered in a reasonable, objective, and impartial manner.

3. In lieu of Article 19.1 (Publication), each Party shall, to the extent practicable:

4. Each Party should, at the time it adopts final regulations and to the extent practicable, address in writing substantive comments received from interested persons with respect to the proposed regulations.

5. Each Party shall ensure that the rules of general application adopted or maintained by self-regulatory organisations of the Party are promptly published or otherwise made available in a manner as to enable interested persons to become acquainted with them.

6. Each Party shall maintain or establish appropriate mechanisms that will, as soon as practicable, respond to inquiries from interested persons regarding measures of general application relating to the subject matter covered by this Chapter.

7. Each Party’s regulatory authorities shall make available to interested persons the requirements, including any documentation required, for completing applications relating to the supply of financial services.

8. At the request of an applicant, a Party’s regulatory authority shall inform the applicant of the status of its application. If the authority requires additional information from the applicant, it shall notify the applicant without undue delay.

9. A Party’s regulatory authority shall make an administrative decision on a completed application of an investor in a financial institution, a financial institution, or a cross-border financial service supplier of the other Party relating to the supply of a financial service within 120 days, and shall promptly notify the applicant of the decision. An application shall not be considered complete until all relevant hearings are held and all necessary information is received. If it is not practicable for a decision to be made within 120 days, the regulatory authority shall notify the applicant without undue delay and shall endeavour to make the decision within a reasonable time.

10. At the request of an unsuccessful applicant, a regulatory authority that has denied an application shall, to the extent practicable, inform the applicant of the reasons for denial of the application.

Article 10.12: Self-Regulatory Organisations

If a Party requires a financial institution or a cross-border financial service supplier of the other Party to be a member of, participate in, or have access to, a self-regulatory organisation to provide a financial service in or into its territory, the Party shall ensure that the self-regulatory organisation observes the obligations of Articles 10.2 and 10.3.

Article 10.13: Payment and Clearing Systems

Under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, each Party shall grant financial institutions of the other Party access to payment and clearing systems operated by public entities, or to payment and clearing systems operated by any entity exercising any governmental authority delegated to it by a Party, and to official funding and refinancing facilities available in the normal course of ordinary business. This Article is not to be construed to confer access to the Party’s lender of last resort facilities.

Article 10.14: Recognition

1. A Party may recognise prudential measures of a non-party in the application of measures covered by this Chapter. This recognition may be:

2. A Party according recognition of prudential measures pursuant to paragraph 1 shall provide adequate opportunity to the other Party to demonstrate that circumstances exist in which there are or would be equivalent regulation, oversight, implementation of regulation, and, if appropriate, procedures concerning the sharing of information between the Parties.

3. If a Party accords recognition of prudential measures pursuant to paragraph 1(c) and the circumstances set out in paragraph 2 exist, the Party shall provide adequate opportunity to the other Party to negotiate accession to the agreement or arrangement, or to negotiate a comparable agreement or arrangement.

Article 10.15: Specific Commitments

Annex 10-B sets out certain specific commitments by each Party.

Article 10.16: Financial Services Committee

1. The Parties hereby establish a Financial Services Committee. The principal representative of each Party shall be an official of the Party’s authority responsible for financial services set out in Annex 10-C.

2. The Committee shall:

3. The Committee shall meet annually, or as it otherwise decides, to assess the functioning of this Agreement as it applies to financial services. The Committee shall inform the Commission of the results of each meeting.

Article 10.17: Consultations

1. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding a matter arising under this Agreement that affects financial services. The other Party shall give sympathetic consideration to the request and any request to include regulatory authorities of the other Party in these consultations. The Parties shall report the results of their consultations to the Committee.

2. Consultations pursuant to this Article shall include officials of the authorities specified in Annex 10-C.

3. For greater certainty, this Article is not to be construed to require a Party to derogate from its relevant domestic law regarding sharing of information among financial regulators or the requirements of an agreement or arrangement between financial authorities of the Parties, or require regulatory authorities to take an action that would interfere with specific regulatory, supervisory, administrative, or enforcement matters.

Article 10.18: Dispute Settlement

1. Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement), as modified by this Article, applies to the settlement of disputes arising under this Chapter.

2. If a Party claims that a dispute arises under this Chapter, Article 21.7 (Panel Composition) shall apply, except that:

3. Financial services panellists must:

4. Notwithstanding Article 21.11 (Non-Implementation – Suspension of Benefits), if a panel finds a measure to be inconsistent with this Agreement and the measure affects:

Article 10.19: Investor-State Dispute Settlement in Financial Services

1. If an investor of a Party submits a claim under Article 8.18 (Claim by an Investor of a Party on Its Own Behalf) or 8.19 (Claim by an Investor of a Party on Behalf of an Enterprise) to arbitration under Section B of Chapter Eight (Investor-State Dispute Settlement) and the disputing Party invokes an exception pursuant to Article 10.10, the Tribunal shall, at the request of the disputing Party, refer the matter in writing to the Committee for a decision. The Tribunal shall not proceed until it receives the decision or report under this Article.

2. In a referral pursuant to paragraph 1, the Committee shall decide whether and to what extent Article 10.10 is a valid defence to the claim of the investor. The Committee shall transmit a copy of its decision to the Tribunal and to the Commission. The decision shall be binding on the Tribunal.

3. If the Committee has not decided the issue within 60 days of the receipt of the referral pursuant to paragraph 1, either Party may request the establishment of a panel pursuant to Article 21.6 (Establishment of a Panel). The panel shall be constituted in accordance with Article 10.18 and shall transmit its final report to the Committee and to the Tribunal. The report shall be binding on the Tribunal.

4. If a Party does not request the establishment of a panel pursuant to paragraph 3 within 10 days after the expiration of the 60-day period, the Tribunal may proceed to decide the matter.

Article 10.20: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

cross-border financial service supplier of a Party means a person of a Party that is engaged in the business of supplying a financial service within the territory of the Party and that seeks to supply or supplies a financial service through the cross-border supply of those services;

cross-border trade in financial services or cross-border supply of financial services means the supply of a financial service:

but does not include the supply of a financial service in the territory of a Party by an investment in that territory;

financial institution means a financial intermediary or other enterprise that is authorised to do business and regulated or supervised as a financial institution under the domestic law of the Party in whose territory it is located;

financial institution of the other Party means a financial institution, including a branch, located in the territory of a Party that is controlled by a person of the other Party;

financial service means a service of a financial nature. Financial services include all insurance and insurance-related services, and all banking and other financial services, excluding insurance, as well as services incidental or auxiliary to a service of a financial nature. Financial services include the following activities:

Insurance and insurance-related services

Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance)

financial service supplier of a Party means a person of a Party that is engaged in the business of supplying a financial service within the territory of that Party;

investment means “investment” as defined in Article 8.45 (Definitions), except that, with respect to “loans” and “debt instruments” referred to in that Article:

for greater certainty, a loan granted by or debt instrument owned by a cross-border financial service supplier, other than a loan to or debt instrument issued by a financial institution, is an investment if such loan or debt instrument meets the criteria for investments set out in Article 8.45 (Definitions);

investor of a Party 9 means a Party or state enterprise thereof, or a person of a Party, that seeks to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of the other Party. A natural person who is a dual citizen is deemed to be exclusively a national of a State of his or her dominant and effective citizenship. A natural person who is a citizen of a Party and a permanent resident of the other Party is deemed to be exclusively a national of the Party of which he or she is a citizen;

new financial service means a financial service not supplied in a Party’s territory that is supplied within the territory of the other Party, and includes a new form of delivery of a financial service or the sale of a financial product that is not sold in the Party’s territory;

person of a Party means “person of a Party” as defined in Article 1.8 (Definitions of General Application) and, for greater certainty, does not include a branch of an enterprise of a non-party;

public entity means a central bank or monetary authority of a Party, or a financial institution owned or controlled by a Party. A central bank or monetary authority of a Party, or a financial institution that performs a financial regulatory function and is owned or controlled by a Party is not considered a designated monopoly or a state enterprise for the purposes of Chapter Fifteen (Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises); and

self-regulatory organisation means a non-governmental body, including securities or futures exchange or market, clearing agency, or other organisation or association, that exercises regulatory or supervisory authority over financial service suppliers or financial institutions by statute or delegation from national, sub-national, or local governments or authorities. A self-regulatory organisation is not considered a designated monopoly or a state enterprise for the purposes of Chapter Fifteen (Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises).

Annex 10

Cross-Border Trade

Canada

Insurance and Insurance-Related Services

1. For Canada, Article 10.5.1 applies to the cross-border trade in, or supply of, financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of cross-border trade in financial services or cross-border supply of financial services in Article 10.20, with respect to:

1. Paragraph 1 applies only if an entity is not in itself or through an agent insuring in Canada a risk.

Banking and Other Financial Services (excluding insurance)

3. For Canada, Article 10.5.1 applies to the cross-border trade in, or supply of, financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of cross-border trade in financial services or cross-border supply of financial services in Article 10.20, with respect to:

4. Paragraph 3 applies only if neither the foreign bank nor one of its affiliates, if subject to the Bank Act, 1991, c. 46, maintains a financial establishment in Canada.

Korea

Insurance and Insurance-Related Services

5. For Korea, Article 10.5.1 applies to the cross-border trade in, or supply of, financial services as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of cross-border trade in financial services and cross-border supply of financial services in Article 10.20 with respect to:

¹⁰

¹¹

6. Paragraph 5 applies only if an entity is not in itself or through an agent insuring in Korea a risk.

Banking and other Financial Services (excluding insurance)

7. For Korea, Article 10.5.1 applies only with respect to:

¹²

Annex 10-B

Specific Commitments

Section A – Portfolio Management

Canada

1. Subject to paragraph 2, Canada shall allow a financial institution organised outside its territory to provide the following services to a collective investment scheme located in its territory:

2. This commitment is subject to Articles10.1 and10.5.3.

3. This commitment does not apply to an existing non-conforming measure that is maintained at the sub-national government, the continuation or prompt renewal of a such measure, or an amendment to a such measure to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the measure, as it existed upon the entry into force of this Agreement, with the commitment.

4. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, Canada may require a collective investment scheme located in Canada to retain ultimate responsibility for the management of the collective investment scheme or the funds that it manages.

5. For purposes of this commitment, in Canada collective investment scheme means investment funds or fund management enterprises regulated or registered under relevant securities laws and regulations.

Korea

6. Korea shall allow a financial institution, other than a trust company, organised outside its territory, to provide investment advice and portfolio management services, excluding custodial services, trustee services, and execution services that are not related to managing a collective investment scheme, to a collective investment scheme located in its territory. This commitment is subject to Articles 10.1 and 10.5.3.

7. For the purposes of paragraph 1, with regard to Korean won-denominated assets, the supply of investment advice or portfolio management services applies only to the extent that Korea allows the supply of these services with respect to such assets. Once Korea allows the supply of these services with regard to Korean won-denominated assets, it may not subsequently prohibit or limit the supply of such services.

8. For the purposes of paragraph 1, in Korea “collective investment scheme” means any of the schemes established for making collective investment as defined under article 9.18.1 through 9.18.6 of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act.

Section B – Supervisory Cooperation

9. The Parties support the efforts of their respective financial regulators to provide assistance to the regulators of the other Party to enhance consumer protection and each regulators’ ability to prevent, detect and prosecute unfair and deceptive practices. The Parties confirm that their financial regulators have the legal authority to exchange information in support of those efforts. The Parties shall encourage financial regulators to continue their on-going efforts to strengthen this cooperation through bilateral consultations or bilateral or multilateral international cooperative mechanisms, such as memoranda of understanding or ad hoc undertakings.

Section C – Transfer of Information

10. The Parties shall allow a financial institution of the other Party to transfer information in electronic or other form, into and out of their territories, for data processing if such processing is required in the institution’s ordinary course of business. This Section does not restrict the right of a Party to adopt or maintain measures:

¹³

provided that such right is not used as a means of avoiding the Party’s commitments or obligations under this Section.

For greater certainty, considerations under subparagraph (a) include protection of sensitive information of consumers and prohibitions on unauthorised reuse of the sensitive information. This Section does not restrict the Parties’ ability to have access to records of financial institutions relating to the handling of such information and to maintain requirements for the location of technology facilities.

Section D – Certain Government Entities

11. The Parties confirm that the following entities, as currently structured, are covered by this Chapter, but are not considered financial institutions for the purposes of this Chapter: the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation, Export-Import Bank of Korea, Korea Trade Insurance Corporation, Korea Technology Credit Guarantee Fund, Credit Guarantee Fund, Korea Asset Management Corporation, Korea Finance Corporation and Korea Investment Corporation. The Parties further recognise that Korea Post is currently a government agency and it offers financial services that are regulated by regulatory authorities of Korea.

Annex 10-C

Authorities Responsible for Financial Services

Authorities responsible for Financial Services are:

or their respective successors.

Chapter Eleven: Telecommunications

Article 11.1: Scope and Coverage

1. This Chapter applies to:

2. This Chapter does not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party affecting the transmission by any means of telecommunications, including broadcast or cable distribution, of radio or television programming intended for reception by the public.

3. This Chapter is not to be construed to:

Article 11.2: Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Transport Networks and Services

1. Subject to a Party’s right to restrict the supply of a service in accordance with the reservations in its Schedule to Annex I or II, a Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party are accorded access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, including as set out in paragraphs 2 through 6.

2. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party have access to and use of any public telecommunications transport networks and services offered within or across its borders, including private leased circuits, and to this end shall ensure, subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, that such enterprises are permitted to:

3. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party may use public telecommunications transport networks and services for the movement of information in its territory or across its borders, including for intra-corporate communications of such enterprises, and for access to information contained in data bases or otherwise stored in machine-readable form in the territory of either Party.

4. Further to Article 22.1(General Exceptions) and notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party may take measures necessary to ensure the security and confidentiality of messages or to protect the privacy of users of public telecommunications transport services. These measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade in services.

5. Each Party shall ensure that a condition is not imposed on access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services other than as necessary to:

6. Provided that they satisfy the criteria in paragraph 5, conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services may include:

Article 11.3: Licensing Procedure

1. If a license is required to supply public telecommunications transport networks or services, each Party shall make publicly available:

2. The decision on the application for a license will be made within a reasonable period of time, and in the event of a denial of a license, the reasons will be made known to the applicant upon request.

Article 11.4: Conduct of Major Suppliers

Competitive Safeguards

1. Each Party shall maintain appropriate measures to prevent suppliers that, alone or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.

2. The anti-competitive practices referred to in paragraph 1 above must include in particular:

Interconnection

3. Each Party shall ensure that a major supplier provides interconnection:

4. Each Party shall make the procedure applicable for interconnection to a major supplier publicly available.

5. Each Party shall ensure that a major supplier makes publicly available either its interconnection agreements or reference interconnection offer.

Article 11.5: Universal Service

Each Party has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to maintain. Such obligation is not anti-competitive per se, provided that it is administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory, and competitively neutral manner and is not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Party.

Article 11.6: Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources

1. Each Party shall administer its procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers, and rights of way, in an objective, timely, transparent, and non-discriminatory manner.

2. Each Party shall make the current state of allocated frequency bands publicly available but shall not be required to provide detailed identification of frequencies allocated for specific government use.

3. Notwithstanding Article 9.4 (Market Access), each Party retains the right to establish and apply its spectrum and frequency management policies, which may limit the number of suppliers of public telecommunications transport services. Each Party also retains the right to allocate frequency bands based on present and future needs.

Article 11.7: Regulatory Body

1. Each Party shall ensure that its regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, a supplier of public telecommunications transport networks or services and value-added services.

2. Each Party shall ensure that its regulatory body’s decisions and procedures are impartial with respect to all market participants.

Article 11.8: Enforcement

Each Party shall maintain appropriate procedures and authority to enforce domestic measures relating to the obligations under this Chapter. Those procedures and authority must include the ability to impose appropriate sanctions, which may include financial penalties, corrective orders, or the modification, suspension, or revocation of licences.

Article 11.9: Resolution of Domestic Telecommunication Disputes

Recourse

1. Further to Article 19.3 (Administrative Proceedings), each Party shall ensure that:

Reconsideration

2. Each Party shall ensure that any supplier of public telecommunications transport networks or services or value added services that is aggrieved by the determination or decision of a regulatory body may petition that body to reconsider that determination or decision. This petition shall not constitute grounds for non-compliance with the determination or decision of the regulatory body.

3. Reconsideration shall not apply to a determination or decision of a regulatory body with respect to:

Judicial Review

4. Each Party shall ensure that any supplier of public telecommunications transport networks or services that is aggrieved by the determination or decision of a regulatory body has the opportunity to appeal that determination or decision to an independent judicial or administrative authority. This obligation does not add to the obligations set out in Article 19.4 (Review and Appeal).

Article 11.10: Transparency

In addition to the other provisions in this Chapter relating to transparency, each Party shall make publicly available:

Article 11.11: Forbearance

The Parties recognise the importance of relying on market forces to achieve wide choices in the supply of telecommunications services. To this end, and to the extent provided in its domestic law, each Party may refrain from applying a regulation to a service when:

Article 11.12: Conditions for the Provision of Value-Added Services

1. A Party shall not require a person that provides value-added services to:

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a Party may take the actions listed in paragraph 1 to remedy a practice of a supplier of value-added services that the Party has found in a particular case to be anti-competitive under its domestic law, or to otherwise promote competition or safeguard the interests of consumers.

Article 11.13: Relation to Other Chapters

In the event of an inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, this Chapter prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.

Article 11.14: Relation to International Organisations and Agreements

The Parties recognise the importance of international standards for global compatibility and interoperability of telecommunication networks or services and undertake to promote those standards through the work of relevant international bodies, including the International Telecommunication Union and the International Organization for Standardization.

Article 11.15: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

enterprise means an “enterprise” as defined in Article 1.8 (Definitions of General Application) and a branch of an enterprise;

essential facilities means facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that:

interconnection means linking suppliers providing public telecommunications transport services to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another supplier and to access services provided by another supplier;

intra-corporate communications means telecommunications through which an enterprise communicates within the enterprise or with or among its subsidiaries, branches and, subject to a Party’s domestic law, affiliates, but does not include commercial or non-commercial services that are provided to enterprises that are not related subsidiaries, branches or affiliates, or that are offered to customers or potential customers. For the purposes of this definition, subsidiaries, branches and, where applicable, affiliates are as defined by each Party in its domestic law;

major supplier means a supplier that has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation having regard to price and supply in the relevant market for public telecommunications transport networks or services as a result of:

network termination points means the final demarcation of the public telecommunications transport network at the user’s premises;

non-discriminatory means terms and conditions no less favourable than those accorded to any other user of like public telecommunications transport networks or services under like circumstances;

public telecommunications transport network means the public telecommunications infrastructure that permits telecommunications between and among defined network termination points;

public telecommunications transport service means a telecommunications transport service that a Party requires, explicitly or in effect, to be offered to the public generally that involves the real-time transmission of customer-supplied information between two or more points without any end-to-end change in the form or content of the customer’s information. This service may include, inter alia, telegraph, telephone, telex, and data transmission;

regulatory body means the body responsible for the regulation of telecommunications;

service supplier means a person of a Party that is seeking to supply or supplies a service, including a supplier of telecommunications networks or services;

supply of a service means the provision of a service:

telecommunication means the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means;

user means a service consumer or a service supplier; and

value-added services mean services that add value to the customer’s information by enhancing its form or content, or by providing for its storage and retrieval.

Chapter Twelve: Temporary Entry for Business Persons

Article 12.1: General Principles

This Chapter reflects the preferential trading relationship between the Parties, the desirability of facilitating temporary entry on a reciprocal basis and of establishing transparent criteria and procedures for temporary entry, and the need to ensure border security and to protect the domestic labour force and permanent employment in their respective territories.

Article 12.2: General Obligations

1. Each Party shall apply its measures relating to this Chapter in accordance with Article 12.1 and, in particular, shall apply expeditiously those measures so as to avoid unduly impairing or delaying trade in goods or services or conduct of investment activities under this Agreement.

2. This Chapter does not prevent a Party from applying measures to regulate the entry of natural persons into, or the temporary stay in, its territory, including those measures necessary to protect the integrity of, and to ensure the orderly movement of natural persons across its borders, provided that such measures are not applied in such a manner as to unduly impair or delay trade in goods or services or the conduct of activities under this Agreement. The sole fact of requiring a visa, or other document authorising entry or work for a business person, or for natural persons shall not be regarded as unduly impairing or delaying trade in goods or services or the conduct of activities under this Agreement.

Article 12.3: Grant of Temporary Entry

1. Each Party shall grant temporary entry to business persons who otherwise comply with existing immigration measures related to public health, safety and national security applicable to temporary entry, in accordance with this Chapter, including Annex 12-A.

2. A Party may refuse to issue a work permit or authorisation to a business person if the temporary entry of that person might affect adversely:

3. If a Party refuses pursuant to paragraph 2 to issue a work permit or authorisation, it shall inform in writing the business person of the reasons for the refusal.

4. Each Party shall limit fees for processing applications for temporary entry of business persons to the approximate cost of services rendered.

Article 12.4: Provision of Information

1. Recognising the importance to the Parties of transparency of information on temporary entry and further to Article 19.1 (Publication), each Party shall, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, make available through any means, information on its measures relating to this Chapter.

2. Each Party shall collect and maintain data respecting the granting of temporary entry under this Chapter to business persons of the other Party who have been issued a work permit or authorisation. On the request of a Party, the other Party shall make such information available to the other Party in accordance with its domestic law.

Article 12.5: Contact Points

1. Each Party hereby establishes a contact point:

2. The contact points shall meet at least once each year, unless otherwise agreed, to exchange information as described in Article 12.4 and to consider matters pertaining to this Chapter, such as:

Article 12.6: Dispute Settlement

1. A Party shall not initiate proceedings under Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement) regarding a refusal to grant temporary entry under this Chapter unless:

2. The remedies referred to in paragraph 1(b) are deemed to be exhausted if a final determination in the matter has not been issued by the competent authority within one year of the initiation of an administrative proceeding, and the failure to issue a determination is not attributable to delay caused by the business person.

Article 12.7: Relation to Other Chapters

Except for this Chapter and Chapters One (Initial Provisions and General Definitions), Nineteen (Transparency), Twenty (Institutional Provisions and Administration) and Twenty-Three (Final Provisions), this Agreement does not impose an obligation on a Party regarding its immigration measures.

Article 12.8: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

business person means a national of a Party who is engaged in trade in goods, the provision of services or the conduct of investment activities;

contract service supplier means an employee of an enterprise who is engaged in the supply of a contracted service as an employee of an enterprise. That enterprise has a service contract from an enterprise of the other Party, who is the final consumer of the service which is supplied. The contract and duration of stay shall comply with the domestic law of the other Party;

independent professional means a self-employed professional who seeks to engage, as part of a service contract granted by an enterprise or a service consumer of the other Party, in an activity at a professional level, provided that the person possesses the necessary education, or satisfies accreditation or licensing requirements as stipulated for the profession;

management trainee on professional development means an employee who has a Bachelor or Baccalaureate degree or who has a license at a professional level concerning the intra-company activity, who is on a temporary work assignment intended to broaden an employee’s knowledge of and experience in a company in preparation for a senior leadership position within the company;

pre-arranged professional service means a professional service to be provided in the territory of the other Party, the terms of which have been determined and documented prior to the entry of the professional into the territory of the other Party;

professional means a national of a Party who is engaged in a specialty occupation as stated in Appendix 12-A-2 who is not engaged in the field of education; and

temporary entry means entry into the territory of a Party by a business person of the other Party without the intent to establish permanent residence, and does not apply to measures regarding citizenship or employment on a permanent basis.

Annex 12-A: Temporary Entry for Business Persons

Section A - Business Visitors

1. Each Party shall grant temporary entry to a business person seeking to engage in a business activity set out in Appendix 12-A-1 without requiring that the business person obtain a work permit or authorisation, provided that the business person otherwise complies with existing immigration measures applicable to temporary entry, on presentation of:

2. Each Party shall provide that a business person may satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1(c) by demonstrating that:

A Party shall normally accept an oral declaration as to the principal place of business and the actual place of accrual of profits. If the Party requires further proof, it shall normally consider a letter from the employer attesting to these matters as sufficient proof.

3. A Party shall not:

4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party may require a business person seeking temporary entry under this Section to obtain a visa or an equivalent requirement prior to entry. Before imposing a visa or an equivalent requirement, the Party shall consult with the other Party whose business persons would be affected with a view to avoiding the imposition of the requirement.

Section B - Traders and Investors

5. Each Party shall grant temporary entry and provide a work permit or visa to a business person seeking to:

in a capacity that is supervisory, executive or involves essential skills, provided that the business person otherwise complies with existing immigration measures applicable to temporary entry.

6. A Party shall not:

7. Notwithstanding paragraph 6, a Party may require a business person seeking temporary entry under this Section to obtain a visa or an equivalent requirement prior to entry. Before imposing a visa or an equivalent requirement, the Party shall consult with the other Party whose business persons would be affected with a view to avoiding the imposition of the requirement.

Section C - Intra-Company Transferees

8. Each Party shall grant temporary entry and provide a work permit or visa to a business person employed by an enterprise who seeks to render services to that enterprise or a subsidiary or an affiliate or a branch thereof as an executive or manager, a specialist or a management trainee on professional development, provided that the business person otherwise complies with existing immigration measures applicable to temporary entry. A Party may require the business person to have been employed continuously by the enterprise for one year within the three-year period immediately preceding the date of the application for admission.

9. A Party shall not:

10. Notwithstanding paragraph 9, a Party may require a business person seeking temporary entry under this Section to obtain a visa or an equivalent requirement prior to entry. Before imposing a visa or an equivalent requirement, the Party shall consult with the other Party whose business persons would be affected with a view to avoiding the imposition of the requirement.

Section D - Professionals

11. Each Party shall grant temporary entry and provide a work permit or visa to a business person who is a professional seeking to engage in a business activity at a professional level, in a profession set out in Appendix 12-A-2, if the business person otherwise complies with existing immigration measures applicable to temporary entry, on presentation of:

12. A Party shall not:

13. Notwithstanding paragraph 12, a Party may require a business person seeking temporary entry under this Section to obtain a visa or an equivalent requirement prior to entry. Before imposing a visa or an equivalent requirement, the Party shall consult with the other Party whose business persons would be affected with a view to avoiding the imposition of the requirement.

Section E - Spouses

14. Each Party shall grant temporary entry and provide a work permit or authorisation to a spouse of a business person qualifying for temporary entry under Section B, C , or D, if the spouse otherwise complies with existing immigration measures applicable to temporary entry and meets the relevant employment qualifications.

15. A Party shall not:

16. Notwithstanding paragraph 15, a Party may require a spouse of a business person seeking temporary entry under this Section to obtain a visa or its equivalent prior to entry. Before imposing a visa requirement on the spouse, the Party shall consult with the other Party with a view to avoiding the imposition of the requirement.

Appendix 12-A-1 Business Visitors

Research and Design

Growth, Manufacture and Production

Marketing

Sales

Distribution

After-Sales or After-Lease Service

General Service

Appendix 12-A-2: Listed Professionals

Independent Professionals:

Profession	Canadian Requirements	Korean Requirements
Architect*	Bachelor degree; or provincial license	Bachelor degree; or professional license
Engineer	Bachelor degree; or provincial license	Bachelor degree; or professional license
Management Consultant	Bachelor degree***	Bachelor degree***
Veterinarian	Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine; or provincial license	Bachelor degree; or professional license

Contract Service Suppliers:

Profession	Canadian Requirements	Korean Requirements
Accountant	Bachelor degree; or Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA), Chartered Accountant (CA), Certified General Accountant (CGA), or Certified Management Accountant (CMA)	Professional license**
Actuary	Bachelor degree and membership in a professional actuarial association	Professional license
Agrologist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Architect*	Bachelor degree; or provincial license	Bachelor degree; or provincial license
Landscape Architect	Bachelor degree	Bachelor degree
Apiculturalist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Auditor	Bachelor degree; or CPA, CA, CGA or CMA	Professional license
Biologist This category would include the following: Botanist Biologist Ecologist Embryologist Toxicologist Enzymologist Etiologist Bacteriologist Geneticist Histologist Helminthologist Human Physiologist Pathologist Immunologist Mycologist Naturalist Physiologist Virologist Serologist Plant Pathologist Crop Scientist Anatomist Bryologist Cytochemist Ecobiologist Echthyologist Nematologist Osteologist Entomologist Epidemiologist Biochemist Plant Breeder Animal Breeder Poultry Scientist Soil Scientist Food Scientist Animal Scientist Zoologist Dairy Scientist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Chemist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Engineer	Bachelor degree; or provincial license	Bachelor degree; or professional license
Forester	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Geoscientist This category would include the following: Palaeontologist Petrologist Sedimentologist Seismologist Strategrapher Glaciologist Hydrogeologist Hydrologist Mineralogist Oceanographer Petrophysicist Quaternarist Volcanologist Metallurgist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Horticulturalist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate **
Management Consultant	Bachelor degree***	Bachelor degree***
Meteorologist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate **
Physical Scientist This category would include the following: Physicist Astronomer Aerodynamicist Cosmologist Research Scientist Radiation Biophysicist Rheologist	Post-graduate degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate**
Sylviculturalist	Bachelor degree	Master degree and three years of experience; or doctorate **
Urban and Land Use Planner	Bachelor degree***	Bachelor degree***
Veterinarian	Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine; or professional license	Bachelor degree; or professional license
Information System Analyst Database Analyst and Data Administrator	Bachelor degree in computer sciences or a related discipline and two years of experience in computer science; Bachelor degree and five years of experience in the field of computer science and information systems; or A Canadian I.S.P. designation (Information Systems Professional of Canada) or a license or designation from a recognised foreign certification body	Bachelor degree or Post-secondary diploma in computer science or a related discipline and seven years of experience in computer and information systems; Bachelor degree or Post secondary diplomas and nine years of experience in computer and information systems; or Engineering Mobility Forum (EMF) license in the case of Professional engineers
Computer Programmer and Interactive Media Developer	Bachelor degree in computer science or a related discipline and two years of experience in computer science; Bachelor degree and five years of experience in the field of computer science and information systems; or A Canadian I.S.P. designation (Information Systems Professional of Canada) or a license or designation from a recognised foreign certification body	Bachelor degree or Post secondary diploma in computer sciences or a related discipline and seven years of experience in computer and information systems; Bachelor degree or Post secondary diplomas and nine years of experience in computer and information systems; or EMF license in the case of Professional engineers
Software Engineer and Designer	Bachelor degree in computer sciences or a related discipline and two years of experience in computer science; Bachelor degree and five years of experience in the field of computer science and information systems; or A Canadian I.S.P. designation (Information Systems Professional of Canada) or a license or designation from a recognised foreign certification body	Bachelor degree or Post secondary diploma in computer science or a related discipline and seven years of experience in computer and information systems; Bachelor degree or Post secondary diplomas and nine years of experience in computer and information systems; or EMF license in the case of Professional engineers

* Providing architectural services is subject to collaboration with architects registered under Korean law in the form of joint contracts.

** If there is no conflict of laws in both countries, Korean educational requirements shall be deemed to be met whenever a Canadian professional has met Canadian educational requirements and the Korean client or employer has provided a letter indicating that the Canadian professional’s qualifications are satisfactory and vice versa.

*** A license may be required to perform certain activities.

Chapter Thirteen: Electronic Commerce

Article 13.1: Scope of Application

1. The Parties confirm that trade conducted by electronic means is subject to the provisions of this Agreement, including those in Chapters Two (National Treatment and Market Access for Goods), Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services), Ten (Financial Services), Eleven (Telecommunications), and Fourteen (Government Procurement). In particular, the Parties recognise the importance of Article 11.2 (Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Transport Networks and Services) in enabling trade conducted by electronic means.

2. The Parties also confirm that this Chapter does not impose obligations on a Party to allow digital products to be delivered electronically, except in accordance with the commitments of that Party in other Chapters.

Article 13.2: General Provisions

1. The Parties recognise the economic growth and opportunities provided by electronic commerce and the applicability of WTO rules to electronic commerce.

2. Considering the potential of electronic commerce as a social and economic development tool, the Parties recognise the importance of:

3. Each Party shall endeavour to adopt measures to facilitate trade conducted by electronic means by addressing issues relevant to the electronic environment.

4. The Parties recognise the importance of avoiding unnecessary barriers to trade conducted by electronic means. Having regard to national policy objectives, each Party shall endeavour to prevent measures that:

Article 13.3: Customs Duties

1. A Party shall not apply customs duties, fees, or charges on or in connection with digital products delivered electronically.

2. For greater certainty, this Chapter does not preclude a Party from imposing internal taxes or other internal charges on digital products delivered electronically, provided that such taxes or charges are imposed in a manner consistent with this Agreement.

Article 13.4: Protection of Personal Information

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures for the protection of the personal information of the users of electronic commerce. In the development of personal information protection standards, each Party shall take into account international standards of relevant international organisations.

Article 13.5: Paperless Trade Administration

1. Each Party shall endeavour to make trade administration documents available to the public in electronic form.

2. Each Party shall endeavour to accept trade administration documents submitted electronically as the legal equivalent of the paper version of those documents.

Article 13.6: Consumer Protection

1. The Parties recognise the importance of maintaining and adopting transparent and effective measures to protect consumers from fraudulent and deceptive commercial practices when they engage in electronic commerce.

2. To this end, the Parties should exchange information on their experiences in protecting consumers engaged in electronic commerce.

Article 13.7: Cooperation

Recognising the global nature of electronic commerce, the Parties affirm the importance of:

Article 13.8: Relation to Other Chapters

In the event of an inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, the other Chapter prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.

Article 13.9: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

delivered electronically means delivered through telecommunications, alone or in conjunction with other information and communication technologies;

digital product means computer programs, text, video, images, sound recordings, or other products that are digitally encoded and produced for commercial sale or distribution;

personal information means any information related to an identified or identifiable natural person;

telecommunications means the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means;

trade administration document means forms that a Party issues or controls that must be completed by or for an importer or exporter in connection with the importation or exportation of goods; and

trade conducted by electronic means means trade conducted through telecommunications, alone or in conjunction with other information and communication technologies.

Chapter Fourteen

Government Procurement

Article 14.1: Objectives

The Parties affirm their interest in further expanding bilateral trading opportunities in each Party’s government procurement market.

Article 14.2: Existing Rights and Obligations

1. The Parties affirm their rights and obligations under the GPA.

2. This Chapter is not to be construed to derogate from any rights or obligations of the Parties under the GPA.

Article 14.3: Scope

1. This Chapter incorporates by reference the rights and obligations as listed in the Annex to the WTO Protocol Amending the GPA (hereinafter referred to as the “revised GPA”), with the exception of Articles V and XVIII through XXII. These rights and obligations apply mutatis mutandis to the procurement covered by Annexes 14-A through to 14-G.

2. For the purpose of promoting consistency with the revised GPA, should further revisions be made to the revised GPA that affect the rights and obligations that are incorporated into this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 1, the revisions shall be incorporated in this Agreement, except as agreed by the Parties pursuant to the amendment procedure referred to in Article 23.2 (Amendments).

Article 14.4: Modifications and Rectifications

1. A Party shall notify the other Party of a proposed rectification of Annex 14-A, withdrawal of an entity from Annex 14-A, or other modification of Annex 14-A (hereinafter referred to as the “modification”). The Party proposing the modification (hereinafter referred to as the “modifying Party”) shall include in the notification:

2. If the other Party objects to the proposed modification, it shall notify the modifying Party of its objection within 30 days of the notification of the proposed modification and include the reasons for its objection.

3. The Parties shall seek to resolve any objection through consultations. In such consultations, the Parties shall consider the proposed modification and, in the case of a notification pursuant to paragraph 1(b), any claim for compensatory adjustments, with a view to maintaining a balance of rights and obligations and a comparable level of mutually agreed coverage provided in this Chapter prior to such notification.

4. If a Party proposes a modification pursuant to paragraph 1(b), the modifying Party shall offer to the other Party appropriate compensatory adjustments, if such adjustments are necessary to maintain a level of coverage comparable to that which existed prior to the modification. Such modification shall become effective if the other Party does not notify the modifying Party of any objection to the proposed modification within 30 days of the notification. A Party need not provide compensatory adjustments if the Parties agree that the proposed modification covers a procuring entity over which a Party has effectively eliminated its control or influence over the entity’s covered procurement.

5. The Commission shall adopt a proposed modification only when the other Party:

Article 14.5: Further Negotiations

If, after the entry into force of this Agreement, a Party accords to a non-party greater access to its government procurement market than the access that is accorded to the other Party, that Party may, at the request of the other Party, enter into negotiations regarding the extension of the same access to the other Party on a reciprocal basis.

Article 14.6: Committee on Government Procurement

1. Recognising the ongoing work of the WTO Committee on Government Procurement, the Parties shall endeavour to cooperate in pursuing issues of mutual interest.

2. For issues of a bilateral nature, the Parties hereby establish a Committee on Government Procurement, which shall meet as mutually agreed to address matters such as:

3. For the purpose of paragraph 2, each Party hereby designates the following governmental authority as its enquiry point to facilitate communication between the Parties on any matter regarding government procurement:

Article 14.7: Entry into Force

This Chapter enters into force on the later of the date of entry into force of the revised GPA for both Parties or the date of entry into force of this Agreement pursuant to Article 23.4 (Entry into Force).

Annex 14

Annex 14-A

Schedule of Korea – Central Government Entities

Thresholds: 100,000,000 Korea Won Goods

100,000,000 Korea Won Services

5,000,000 SDR Construction Services

List of Entities:

1. Anti-corruption and Civil Rights Commission of Korea

2. Board of Audit and Inspection

3. Cultural Heritage Administration

4. Defense Acquisition Program Administration

5. Fair Trade Commission

6. Financial Services Commission

7. Korea Coast Guard (except purchases for the purpose of maintaining public order, as provided in Article III of the revised GPA)

8. Korea Communications Commission

9. Korea Customs Service

10. Korea Forest Service

11. Korea Intellectual Property Office

12. Korea Meteorological Administration

13. Military Manpower Administration

14. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

15. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism

16. Ministry of Education

17. Ministry of Employment and Labor

18. Ministry of Environment

19. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety

20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

21. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family

22. Ministry of Government Legislation

23. Ministry for Health and Welfare

24. Ministry of Justice

25. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

26. Ministry of National Defense

27. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries

28. Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs

29. Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning

30. Ministry of Security and Public Administration

31. Ministry of Strategy and Finance

32. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

33. Ministry of Unification

34. Multifunctional Administrative City Construction Agency

35. National Emergency Management Agency

36. National Human Rights Commission of Korea

37. National Police Agency (except purchases for the purpose of maintaining public order, as provided in Article III of the revised GPA)

38. National Tax Service

39. Office for Government Policy Coordination

40. Prime Minister’s Secretariat

41. Public Procurement Service (Note 3)

42. Rural Development Administration

43. Small and Medium Business Administration

44. Statistics Korea

45. Supreme Prosecutors’ Office

Korea’s Notes to Annex 14-A

1. The above central government entities cover their “subordinate linear organizations”, “special local administrative agencies”, and “attached organs”, as prescribed in the relevant provisions of the Government Organization Act of the Republic of Korea. Any entity with a separate legal personality that is not listed in this Annex is not covered.

2. This Chapter does not apply to any set-asides for small-and medium-sized businesses according to the Act Relating to Contracts to Which the State is a Party and its Presidential Decree, and the procurement of agricultural, fishery, and livestock products according to the Grain Management Act, the Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fishery Products, and the Livestock Industry Act.

3. Public Procurement Service: This Chapter covers only those procurements carried out by the Public Procurement Service on its own behalf or for the entities listed in this Annex.

Schedule of Canada – Federal Government Entities

Unless otherwise specified, this Chapter covers procurement by entities listed in this Annex, subject to the following thresholds:

Thresholds:	Can$100,000	Goods
	Can$100,000	Services
	5,000,000 SDR	Construction Services

List of Entities:

1. Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (on its own account)

2. Canada Border Services Agency

3. Canada Employment Insurance Commission

4. Canada Industrial Relations Board

5. Canada Revenue Agency

6. Canada School of Public Service

7. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety

8. Canadian Food Inspection Agency

9. Canadian Human Rights Commission

10. Canadian Institutes of Health Research

11. Canadian Intergovernmental Conference Secretariat

12. Canadian International Trade Tribunal

13. Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission

14. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (on its own account)

15. Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board

16. Canadian Transportation Agency (on its own account)

17. Copyright Board

18. Correctional Service of Canada

19. Courts Administration Service

20. Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food

21. Department of Canadian Heritage

22. Department of Citizenship and Immigration

23. Department of Employment and Social Development

24. Department of Finance

25. Department of Fisheries and Oceans

26. Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development

27. Department of Health

28. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development

29. Department of Industry

30. Department of Justice

31. Department of National Defence

32. Department of Natural Resources

33. Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness

34. Department of Public Works and Government Services (on its own account)

35. Department of the Environment

36. Department of Transport

37. Department of Veterans Affairs

38. Department of Western Economic Diversification (on its own account)

39. Director of Soldier Settlement

40. Director, The Veterans’ Land Act

41. Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions

42. Immigration and Refugee Board

43. Library and Archives of Canada

44. National Battlefields Commission

45. National Energy Board (on its own account)

46. National Farm Products Council

47. National Parole Board

48. National Research Council of Canada

49. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council

50. Northern Pipeline Agency (on its own account)

51. Office of the Auditor General

52. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer

53. Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs

54. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

55. Office of the Coordinator, Status of Women

56. Office of the Governor General’s Secretary

57. Offices of the Information and Privacy Commissioners of Canada

58. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions

59. Parks Canada Agency

60. Patented Medicine Prices Review Board

61. Privy Council Office

62. Public Health Agency of Canada

63. Public Service Commission

64. Public Service Labour Relations Board

65. Registrar of the Supreme Court of Canada

66. Registry of the Competition Tribunal

67. Royal Canadian Mounted Police

68. Royal Canadian Mounted Police External Review Committee

69. Royal Canadian Mounted Police Public Complaints Commission

70. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council

71. Statistics Canada

72. Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada

73. Treasury Board Secretariat

Canada’s Note to Annex 14-A

No entity listed in Annex 14-A has the power to create subordinate entities.

Annex 14-B

Goods

Schedule of Korea

1. This Chapter covers procurement of all goods procured by the entities listed in Annex 14-A, unless otherwise specified in this Chapter.

2. Subject to the decision of the Korean Government under the provisions of paragraph 1, Article III of the revised GPA, for procurement by the Ministry of National Defense and the Defense Acquisition Program Administration, this Chapter covers the following FSC categories only.

FSC	Description
2510	Vehicular cab, body, and frame structural components
2520	Vehicular power transmission components
2540	Vehicular furniture and accessories
2590	Miscellaneous vehicular components
2610	Tires and tubes, pneumatic, except aircraft
2910	Engine fuel system components, non-aircraft
2920	Engine electrical system components, non-aircraft
2930	Engine cooling system components, non-aircraft
2940	Engine air and oil filters, strainers and cleaners, non-aircraft
2990	Miscellaneous engine accessories, non-aircraft
3020	Gears, pulleys, sprockets and transmission chain
3416	Lathes
3417	Milling machines
3510	Laundry and dry cleaning equipment
4110	Refrigeration equipment
4230	Decontaminating and impregnating equipment
4520	Space and water heating equipment
4940	Miscellaneous maintenance and repair shop specialized equipment
5120	Hand tools, non-edged, non-powered
5410	Prefabricated and portable buildings
5530	Plywood and veneer
5660	Fencing, fences, gates and components
5945	Relays and solenoids
5965	Headsets, handsets, microphones and speakers
5985	Antennas, waveguide, and related equipment
5995	Cable, cord, and wire assemblies: communication equipment
6505	Drugs and biologicals
6220	Electric vehicular lights and fixtures
6840	Pest control agents disinfectants
6850	Miscellaneous chemical specialties
7310	Food cooking, baking, and serving equipment
7320	Kitchen equipment and appliances
7330	Kitchen hand tools and utensils
7350	Tableware
7360	Sets, kits, outfits, and modules, food preparation and serving
7530	Stationery and record forms
7920	Brooms, brushes, mops, and sponges
7930	Cleaning and polishing compounds and preparations
8110	Drums and cans
9150	Oils and greases: cutting, lubricating, and hydraulic
9310	Paper and paperboard

Schedule of Canada

1. Unless otherwise specified and subject to paragraph 2, this Chapter covers all goods.

2. Subject to the application of paragraph 1 of Article III of the revised GPA, with respect to procurement by the Department of National Defence, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans for the Canadian Coast Guard, this Chapter covers only the goods described in the Federal Supply Classifications (FSC) listed below:

22	Railway equipment
23	Motor vehicles, trailers and cycles (except buses in 2310 and except military trucks and trailers in 2320 and 2330 and tracked combat, assault and tactical vehicles in 2350 and wheeled combat, assault and tactical vehicles in 2355 formerly classified in 2320)
24	Tractors
25	Vehicular equipment components
26	Tires and tubes
29	Engine accessories
30	Mechanical power transmission equipment
32	Woodworking machinery and equipment
34	Metal working machinery
35	Service and trade equipment
36	Special industry machinery
37	Agricultural machinery and equipment
38	Construction, mining, excavating and highway maintenance equipment
39	Materials handling equipment
40	Rope, cable, chain and fittings
41	Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment
42	Fire fighting, rescue and safety equipment (except 4220: Marine lifesaving and diving equipment; and 4230: Decontaminating and impregnating equipment)
43	Pumps and compressors
44	Furnace, steam plant, drying equipment and nuclear reactors
45	Plumbing, heating and sanitation equipment
46	Water purification and sewage treatment equipment
47	Pipe, tubing, hose and fittings
48	Valves
49	Maintenance and repair shop equipment
52	Measuring tools
53	Hardware and abrasives
54	Prefabricated structures and scaffolding
55	Lumber, millwork, plywood and veneer
56	Construction and building materials
61	Electric wire and power and distribution equipment
62	Lighting fixtures and lamps
63	Alarm and signal systems
65	Medical, dental and veterinary equipment and supplies
66	Instruments and laboratory equipment (except 6615: Automatic pilot mechanisms and airborne Gyro components; and 6665: Hazard detecting instruments and apparatus)
67	Photographic equipment
68	Chemicals and chemical products
69	Training aids and devices
70	General purpose automatic data processing equipment, software, supplies and support equipment (except 7010: Automatic Data Processing Equipment (ADPE) configurations)
71	Furniture
72	Household and commercial furnishings and appliances
73	Food preparation and serving equipment
74	Office machines, text processing system and visible record equipment
75	Office supplies and devices
76	Books, maps and other publications (except 7650: drawings and specifications)
77	Musical instruments, phonographs and home-type radios
78	Recreational and athletic equipment
79	Cleaning equipment and supplies
80	Brushes, paints, sealers and adhesives
81	Containers, packaging and packing supplies
85	Toiletries
87	Agricultural supplies
88	Live animals
91	Fuels, lubricants, oils and waxes
93	Non-metallic fabricated materials
94	Non-metallic crude materials
96	Ores, minerals and their primary products
99	Miscellaneous

Annex 14-C

Services

Schedule of Korea

Of the Universal List of Services, as contained in document MTN.GNS/W/120, the following services are covered:

*GNS/W/120*	*CPC*	*Description*
1.A.b.	862	Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services
1.A.c.	863	Taxation services
1.A.d.	8671	Architectural services
1.A.e.	8672	Engineering services
1.A.f.	8673	Integrated engineering services
1.A.g.	8674	Urban planning and landscape architectural services
1.B.	84	Computer services
1.B.a.	841	Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware
1.B.b.	842	Software implementation services
1.B.c.	843	Data processing services
1.B.d.	844	Data base services
1.B.e.	845	Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment (including computers)
1.E.a.	83103	Rental/leasing services without operators relating to ships
1.E.b.	83104	Rental/leasing services without operators relating to aircraft
1.E.c.	83101, 83105*	Rental/leasing services without operators relating to other transport equipment (only passenger vehicles for less than fifteen passengers)
1.E.d.	83106, 83108, 83109	Rental/leasing services without operators relating to other machinery and equipment
-	83107	Rental/leasing services without operator relating to construction machinery and equipment
1.F.a.	8711, 8719	Advertising agency services
1.F.b.	864	Market research and public opinion polling services
1.F.c.	865	Management consulting services
1.F.d.	86601	Project management services
1.F.e.	86761*	Composition and purity testing and analysis services (only inspection, testing and analysis services of air, water, noise level and vibration level)
-	86764	Technical inspection services
1.F.f.	8811, 8812	Consulting services relating to agriculture and animal husbandry
-	8814*	Services incidental to forestry (excluding aerial fire fighting and disinfection)
1.F.g.	882*	Consulting services relating to fishing
1.F.h.	883*	Consulting services relating to mining
1.F.m.	86751, 86752	Related scientific and technical consulting services
1.F.n.	633, 8861, 8862, 8863,8864, 8865, 8866	Maintenance and repair of equipment
1.F.p.	875	Photographic services
1.F.q.	876	Packaging services
1.F.r.	88442*	Printing (screen printing, gravure printing, and services relating to printing)
1.F.s.	87909*	Stenography services Convention agency services
1.F.t.	87905	Translation and interpretation services
2.C.j.	7523*	On-line information and data-base retrieval
2.C.k.	7523*	Electronic data interchange
2.C.l.	7523*	Enhanced/value-added facsimile services including store and forward, store and retrieve
2.C.m.	-	Code and protocol conversion
2.C.n.	843*	On-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)
2.D.a.	96112, 96113	Motion picture and video tape production and distribution services (excluding those services for cable TV broadcasting)
2.D.e.	-	Record production and distribution services (sound recording)
6.A.	9401*	Refuse water disposal services (only collection and treatment services of industrial waste water)
6.B.	9402*	Industrial refuse disposal services (only collection, transport, and disposal services of industrial refuse)
6.D.	9404, 9405	Cleaning services of exhaust gases and noise abatement services (services other than construction work services)
-	9406, 9409	Environmental testing and assessment services (only environmental impact assessment services)
9.A	641	Hotel and other lodging services
9.A	642	Food serving services
9.A	6431	Beverage serving services without entertainment (Excluding rail and air transport related facilities in CPC 6431)
9.B	7471	Travel agency and tour operator services (except Government Transportation Request)
11.A.b.	7212*	International transport, excluding cabotage
11.A.d.	8868*	Maintenance and repair of vessels
11.F.b.	71233*	Transportation of containerized freight, excluding cabotage
11.H.c	748*	Freight transport agency services - Maritime agency services - Maritime freight forwarding services - Shipping brokerage services - Air cargo transport agency services - Customs clearance services
11.I.	-	Freight forwarding for rail transport

Korea’s Note to Annex 14-C

Asterisks (*) designate “part of” as described in detail in the Revised Conditional Offer of the Republic of Korea Concerning Initial Commitments on Trade in Services.

Schedule of Canada

1. Unless otherwise specified, this Chapter covers the services specified in paragraph 2. Such services are identified in accordance with the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC). For the purposes of implementation of this Chapter for federal entities, Canada will use the “Common Classification System”.

2. This Chapter covers the following services:

CPC	Description
633	Repair services of personal and household goods
641	Hotel and similar accommodation services
642-643	Food and beverage serving services
821	Real estate services involving own or leased property
822	Real estate services on a fee or contract basis
841	Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware
842	Software implementation services, including systems and software consulting services, systems analysis, design, programming and maintenance services
843	Data processing services, including processing, tabulation and facilities management services
843	On-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)
844	Data base services
845	Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers
849	Other computer services
861	Legal Services (advisory services on foreign and international law only)
862	Accounting, auditing and book-keeping services
863	Taxation Services (excluding legal services)
874	Building-cleaning services
876	Packaging services
883	Services incidental to mining, including drilling and field services
940	Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar services
7471	Travel agency and tour operator services
7512	Commercial courier services (including multi-modal)
7523	Electronic data interchange (EDI)
7523	Electronic mail
7523	Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, including store and forward, store and retrieve Code and protocol conversion
7523	On-line information and data base retrieval
7523	Voice mail
8660	Services related to management consulting (except 86602 Arbitration and conciliation services)
8671	Architectural services
8672	Engineering services
8673	Integrated engineering services (excluding 86731 Integrated engineering services for transportation infrastructure turnkey projects)
8674	Urban planning and landscape architectural services
8676	Technical testing and analysis services including quality control and inspection (except with reference to FSC 58 and transportation equipment)
8814	Services incidental to forestry and logging, including forest management
8861 to 8864, and 8866	Repair services incidental to metal products, machinery and equipment
83106 to 83109 only	Leasing or rental services concerning machinery and equipment without operator
83203 to 83209 only	Leasing or rental services concerning personal and household goods
86501	General management consulting services
86503	Marketing management consulting services
86504	Human resources management consulting services
86505	Production management consulting services

Canada’s Notes to Annex 14-C

1. This Chapter is subject to the terms and conditions set out in Canada’s Schedule to the GATS.

2. Canada’s coverage in telecommunications services is limited to enhanced or value added services for the supply of which the underlying telecommunications facilities are leased from providers of public telecommunications transport networks.

3. This Chapter does not cover procurement of the following:

Annex 14-D

Construction Services

Schedule of Korea

Definition:

1. A construction services contract is a contract which has as its objective the realisation by whatever means of civil or building works, in the sense of Division 51 of the Central Product Classification. Such a contract includes a build-operate-transfer (hereinafter referred to as “BOT”) contract, to which the BOT threshold applies.

2. A BOT contract is any contractual arrangement the primary purpose of which is to provide for the construction or rehabilitation of physical infrastructures, plants, buildings, facilities, or other government-owned works and under which, as consideration for a supplier’s execution of a contractual arrangement, a procuring entity grants to the supplier, for a specified period of time, temporary ownership or a right to control and operate, and demand payment for the use of such works for the duration of the contract.

Thresholds: 5,000,000 SDR for entities set out in Annex 14-A

BOT Thresholds: 5,000,000 SDR for entities set out in Annex 14-A

List of Construction Services:
CPC	Description
51	Construction work

Korea’s Note to Annex 14-D

This Chapter does not apply to any set-asides for small-and medium-sized businesses according to the Act on Private Participation in Infrastructure.

Schedule of Canada

1. Unless otherwise specified and subject to paragraph 2, this Chapter covers all construction services identified in Division 51 of the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC).

2. This Chapter does not cover procurement of the following:

Annex 14-E

General Notes

Schedule of Korea

1. A service listed in Annex 14-C is covered with respect to the other Party only to the extent that the other Party has included that service in Annex 14-C.

2. This Chapter does not cover procurement in furtherance of human feeding programmes.

3. For greater clarity, procurement for airports is not covered under this Chapter.

Schedule of Canada

Unless otherwise specified, the following General Notes apply to this Chapter, including to Annexes 14-A through 14-D.

1. This Chapter does not cover procurement of:

2. This Chapter does not apply to:

Constitution Act

3. For greater certainty, this Chapter shall be interpreted in accordance with the following:

Annex 14-F

Publication of Notices

For Korea: Korea ON-line E-Procurement Systems (KONEPS) at www.g2b.go.kr, or if necessary, Electronic Gazette at gwanbo.korea.go.kr

For Canada: The Government Electronic Tendering Service (GETS) at https://buyandsell.gc.ca/

Annex 14-G

Threshold Adjustment

1. Thresholds for goods and services referred to in Annex 14-A shall be adjusted, as necessary, based on consultations between the Parties.

2. Thresholds for construction services referred to in Annex 14-A shall be adjusted in accordance with the formula in the WTO Committee on Government Procurement Decision GPA/1, Annex 3.

3. The Parties agree that the threshold for construction services shall be adjusted every two years, commencing with the first adjustment date applicable under the GPA, following the entry into force of the WTO Protocol Amending the GPA.

Chapter Fifteen

Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises

Article 15.1: Competition Law and Policy

1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to proscribe anti-competitive business conduct and take appropriate action with respect thereto, recognising that such measures will enhance the fulfilment of the objectives of this Agreement. To this end, the Parties shall consult from time to time on the effectiveness of measures undertaken by each Party.

2. Each Party recognises that the measures it adopts or maintains to proscribe anti-competitive business conduct and the enforcement actions it takes pursuant to those measures shall be consistent with the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, and procedural fairness. Exclusions from these measures shall be transparent. Each Party should periodically assess its own exclusions to determine whether they are necessary to achieve its overriding policy objectives.

3. The Parties recognise the importance of cooperation and coordination among their authorities to further effective competition law enforcement in the free trade area. The Parties shall cooperate on issues of competition law enforcement policy, including mutual legal assistance, notification, consultation, and exchange of information relating to the enforcement of competition laws and policies in the free trade area.

4. No recourse may be had to any form of dispute settlement under this Agreement for any matter arising under this Article.

Article 15.2: Monopolies ¹

1. This Agreement is not to be construed to prevent a Party from maintaining or designating a monopoly.

2. If a Party intends to designate a monopoly and the designation may affect the interests of a person of the other Party, the designating Party shall, whenever possible, provide prior notification, in writing, of the designation to the other Party.

3. Each Party shall ensure, through regulatory control, administrative supervision, or the application of other measures, that a privately-owned monopoly that it designates or a government monopoly that it maintains or designates:

⁴

⁵

4. Paragraph 3 does not apply to government procurement.

Article 15.3: State Enterprises

1. This Agreement is not to be construed to prevent a Party from maintaining or establishing a state enterprise.

2. Each Party shall ensure, through regulatory control, administrative supervision, or the application of other measures, that a state enterprise that it maintains or establishes acts in a manner that is not inconsistent with the Party’s obligations under this Agreement whenever such enterprise exercises regulatory, administrative, or other governmental authority that the Party has delegated to it, such as the power to expropriate, grant licenses, approve commercial transactions, or impose quotas, fees, or other charges.

3. Each Party shall ensure that a state enterprise that it maintains or establishes accords non-discriminatory treatment in the sale of its goods or services to covered investments.

Article 15.4: Differences in Pricing

Articles 15.2 and 15.3 are not to be construed to prevent a monopoly or state enterprise from charging different prices in different markets, or within the same market, if such differences are based on normal commercial considerations, such as taking account of supply and demand conditions.

Article 15.5: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

delegated means transferring to the monopoly or state enterprise, or authorising the exercise by the monopoly or state enterprise of, governmental authority through a legislative grant, a government order, a directive, or other act;

designate means to establish, designate or authorise, or to expand the scope of, a monopoly to cover an additional good or service, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

government procurement means procurement by governmental agencies of goods or services, or a combination thereof, for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial sale or resale or with a view to use in the production of goods or the provision of services for commercial sale or resale;

government monopoly means a monopoly that is owned or controlled through ownership interests by the national government of a Party, or by another such monopoly;

in accordance with commercial considerations means consistent with normal business practices of privately-held enterprises in the relevant business sector or industry;

market means the geographic and commercial market for a good or service;

monopoly means an entity, including a consortium or government agency, that in a relevant market in the territory of a Party is designated as the sole provider or purchaser of a good or service, but does not include an entity that has been granted an exclusive intellectual property right solely by reason of such grant;

non-discriminatory treatment means the better of national treatment or most-favoured-nation treatment, as set out in the relevant provisions of this Agreement, including the terms and conditions set out in the relevant Annexes thereto; and

state enterprise means, except as set out in Annex 15-A, an enterprise owned or controlled through ownership interests, by a Party.

Annex 15-A

Country-Specific Definitions of State Enterprise

For the purposes of Article 15.3.3, “state enterprise” means:

Financial Administration Act

Act on the Management of Non-Departmental Public Entities

Chapter Sixteen: Intellectual Property

Article 16.1: Objectives

The objectives of this Chapter are to:

Article 16.2: Scope of Intellectual Property

For the purposes of this Chapter, intellectual property refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement.

Article 16.3: Affirmation of International Agreement

The Parties affirm their rights and obligations under the TRIPS Agreement and other intellectual property agreements to which both Parties are party.

Article 16.4: Nature and Scope of Obligation

1. Each Party may provide more extensive protection for, and enforcement of, intellectual property rights under that Party’s domestic law than this Chapter requires, provided that the more extensive protection does not contravene this Chapter.

2. Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing this Agreement within its own legal system and practice.

3. This Agreement does not create any obligation with respect to the distribution of resources between enforcement of intellectual property rights and enforcement of law in general.

Article 16.5: Public Health Concerns

1. The Parties recognise the importance of the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (hereinafter referred to as the “Doha Declaration”) adopted on 14 November 2001 by the WTO Ministerial Conference. In interpreting and implementing the rights and obligations under this Chapter, the Parties are entitled to rely on the Doha Declaration.

2. The Parties shall contribute to the implementation of, and respect, the Decision of the WTO General Council of 30 August 2003 on the Implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, as well as the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement, done at Geneva on 6 December 2005.

Article 16.6: National Treatment

1. In respect of all categories of intellectual property covered in this Chapter, each Party shall accord to nationals of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection of intellectual property pursuant to Articles 3 and 5 of the TRIPS Agreement.

2. In respect of the rights of performers and producers of phonograms, a Party may satisfy the obligation in paragraph 1 by providing national treatment to the nationals of the other Party specifically granted in this Chapter in accordance with the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, done 20 December 1996 at Geneva (hereinafter referred to as the “WPPT”).

Article 16.7: Exhaustion

This Chapter does not affect the freedom of the Parties to determine whether and under what conditions the exhaustion of intellectual property rights applies.

Article 16.8: Disclosure of Information

This Chapter does not require a Party to disclose information that would impede law enforcement, be contrary to that Party’s domestic law, or be exempt from disclosure under that Party’s domestic law.

Article 16.9: Trademarks

Trademarks Protection

1. A Party shall not require, as a condition of registration, that signs be visually perceptible, or deny registration of a trademark solely on the grounds that the sign of which it is composed is a sound ¹.

2. Each Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks. A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in that Party’s domestic law, provided that such marks are protected.

3. Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark has the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs, at least for goods or services that are identical or similar to the goods or services in respect of which the owner’s trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described above shall not prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall they affect the possibility of each Party making rights available on the basis of use.

Exceptions to Trademarks Rights

4. Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that those exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.

Well-Known Trademarks

5. A Party shall not require, as a condition for determining that a mark is a well-known mark, that the mark has been registered in the territory of that Party or in another jurisdiction.Each Party shall make available remedies to the owner of a well-known trademark, whether or not such mark:

6. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1967) done 14 July 1967 at Stockholm (hereinafter referred to as the “Paris Convention”) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services that are not identical or similar to those identified by a well-known trademark ², whether registered or not, provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or services and the owner of the trademark, and provided that the interests of the owner of the trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.

7. Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse or cancel the registration and prohibit the use of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark, for related goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion.

Registration and Applications of Trademarks

8. Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of trademarks, in which the reasons for a refusal to register a trademark are communicated in writing and may be provided electronically to the applicant. The Party shall provide to the applicant an opportunity to contest that refusal and to judicially appeal a final refusal.

9. Each Party shall introduce the possibility to oppose trademark applications.

10. Each Party shall provide, to the extent possible, a publicly available electronic information system of trademark applications and registered trademarks.

11. Each Party shall provide that initial registration and each renewal of registration of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than 10 years.

Article 16.10: Protection of Geographical Indications ³

1. Canada shall, with respect to the geographical indications ⁴ of “GoryeoHongsam”, “GoryeoBaeksam”, “GoryeoSusam”, and “IcheonSsal” and their translations, respectively, “Korean Red Ginseng”, “Korean White Ginseng”, “Korean Fresh Ginseng” and “Icheon Rice”, provide the legal means ⁵ for interested parties to prevent:

bis

2. Korea shall, with respect to the geographical indications of “Canadian Whisky” and “Canadian Rye Whisky”, provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent:

bis

3. If a trademark has been applied for or registered in good faith, or if rights to a trademark have been acquired through use in good faith, in the territory of a Party before the entry into force of this Agreement, measures adopted to implement this Article in that Party shall not prejudice the eligibility for or the validity of the registration of the trademark, or the right to use the trademark, on the basis that the trademark is identical with, or similar to, a geographical indication.

4. A Party is not obligated under this Article to protect geographical indications that are not, or cease to be protected in their place of origin, or that have fallen into disuse in that place.

5. A Party may provide that any request made under this Article in connection with the use or registration of a trademark must be presented within five years after the adverse use of the protected indication has become generally known in that Party or after the date of registration of the trademark in that Party provided that the trademark has been published by that date, if such date is earlier than the date on which the adverse use became generally known in that Party, provided that the geographical indication is not used or registered in bad faith.

Article 16.11: Copyright and Related Rights

Protection Granted

1. Each Party shall comply with:

International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works

(1971)

WIPO Copyright Treaty

Rights of Copyright Holder

2. Each Party shall provide ⁶ that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms have the right to authorise or prohibit all reproductions of their works and other subject matters including performances ^7, and phonograms in any manner or form. ^8, ⁹

Right to Remuneration for Broadcasting and Communication to the Public

3. Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the right to a single equitable remuneration for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published for commercial purposes for broadcasting or for any communication to the public.¹⁰

Protection of Technological Measures

4. Each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures ¹¹ that are used by authors, performers or producers of phonograms in connection with the exercise of their rights in, and that restrict acts in respect of, their works, performances, and phonograms, which are not authorised by the authors, performers or producers of phonograms concerned or permitted by law.

5. In order to provide the adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies referred to in paragraph 4, each Party shall provide protection against at least:

6. In implementing paragraphs 4 and 5, a Party is not obligated to require that the design of, or the design and selection of parts and components for, a consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing product provide for a response to a particular technological measure, so long as the product does not otherwise contravene that Party’s measures implementing these paragraphs. This Agreement does not require a Party to mandate interoperability in that Party’s law, i.e., there is no obligation for the Information Communication Technology industry to design devices, products, components, or services to correspond to certain technological protection measures.

7. In providing adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies pursuant to paragraph 4, a Party may adopt or maintain appropriate limitations or exceptions to measures implementing paragraphs 4 and 5. The obligations set forth in paragraphs 4 and 5 are without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defences to copyright or related rights infringement under a Party’s domestic law.

Protection of Rights Management Information

8. To protect electronic rights management information ^12,, each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against any person knowingly performing without authority any of the following acts knowing, or having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any copyright or related rights:

9. In providing adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies pursuant to paragraph 8, a Party may adopt or maintain appropriate limitations or exceptions to measures implementing paragraph 8. The obligations set forth in paragraph 8 are without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defences to copyright or related rights infringement under a Party’s law.

Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite Signals

10. Each Party shall make it a criminal or civil offense:

Each Party shall provide that any civil offense established under subparagraph (a) or (b) is actionable by any person that holds an interest in the content of the signal.

Article 16.12: Patents

1. Each Party shall make patents available for any invention, whether a product or process, in all fields of technology, provided that the invention is new, involves an inventive step, and is capable of industrial application ^13,. In addition, each Party confirms that patents shall be available for any new uses or methods of using a known product, provided that the invention is new, involves an inventive step, and is capable of industrial application.

Exclusion from Patentability

2. Each Party may exclude from patentability:

ordre public

sui generis

Limited Exceptions to Patent Rights

3. Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that those exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

Article 16.13: Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights

General Obligations

1. Each Party shall provide that enforcement procedures are available under that Party’s domestic law so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Chapter, including expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringements. These procedures shall be applied in a manner so as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.

2. Each Party shall provide that the procedures adopted, maintained, or applied to implement this Chapter are fair and equitable, and provide for the rights of all participants subject to such procedures to be appropriately protected. Each Party shall also provide that these procedures are not unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.

3. In implementing this Chapter, each Party shall take into account the need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement, the interests of third parties, and the applicable measures, remedies, and penalties.

4. This Chapter is not to be construed to require a Party to make its officials subject to liability for acts undertaken in the performance of their official duties.

Presumption of Authorship or Ownership

5. In civil proceedings involving copyright or related rights, each Party shall provide for a presumption that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the person whose name is indicated as the author, performer, or producer of the work, performance, or phonogram in the usual manner is the designated right holder in such work, performance, or phonogram. Each Party shall also provide for a presumption that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the copyright or related rights subsist in such subject matter.

Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies ^14,

6. Each Party shall make available to right holders ^15, civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of any intellectual property right.

7. To the extent that any civil remedy can be ordered as a result of administrative procedures on the merits of a case, each Party shall provide that those procedures conform to principles equivalent in substance to those set forth in this Article.

Injunctions

8. Each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority to issue an order against a person to desist from an infringement, inter alia, to prevent goods that involve the infringement of an intellectual property right from entering into the channels of commerce.

9. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, a Party may limit the remedies available against use by governments or by third parties authorised by a government, without the authorisation of the right holder, to the payment of remuneration, provided that the Party complies with the provisions of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement specifically addressing that use. In other cases, the remedies under this Article shall apply or, where these remedies are inconsistent with a Party’s law, declaratory judgments and adequate compensation shall be available.

Damages^16, ¹⁷

10. Each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority to order the infringer who, knowingly or with reasonable grounds to know, engaged in infringing activity to pay the right holder damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has suffered as a result of the infringement ¹⁸. In determining the amount of damages for infringement of intellectual property rights, a Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to consider, inter alia, any legitimate measure of value the right holder submits, which may include lost profits or the value of the infringed goods or services measured by the market price or the suggested retail price.

11. At least in cases of copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority to order the infringer to pay the right holder the infringer’s profits that are attributable to the infringement. A Party may presume those profits to be the amount of damages referred to in paragraph 10.

12. At least with respect to infringement of copyright or related rights protecting works, phonograms, and performances, and in cases of trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall also establish or maintain a system that provides for one or more of the following:

¹⁹

13. If a Party provides the remedy referred to in paragraph 12(a) or the presumptions referred to in paragraph 12(b), that Party shall ensure that either its judicial authorities or the right holder has the ight to choose such a remedy or presumptions as an alternative to the remedies referred to in paragraphs 10 and 11.

14. Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, where appropriate, have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings concerning infringement of at least copyright or related rights, trademarks, and patents, that the prevailing party be awarded payment by the losing party of court costs or fees, appropriate lawyer’s fees, or other expenses as provided for under that Party’s domestic law.

Other Remedies

15. At least with respect to pirated copyright goods and counterfeit trademark goods, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings, at the right holder’s request, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority to order that the infringing goods be destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of any sort.

16. Each Party shall further provide that, in civil judicial proceedings, its judicial authorities have the authority to order that materials and implements that have been used in the manufacture or creation of such infringing goods, be, without undue delay and without compensation of any sort, destroyed or disposed of outside the channels of commerce in a manner so as to minimise the risks of further infringements.

17. A Party may provide for the remedies described in paragraphs 15 and 16 to be carried out at the infringer’s expense.

Information related to Infringement

18. Without prejudice to each Party’s domestic law governing privilege, the protection of confidentiality of information sources, or the processing of personal data, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority, in accordance with that Party’s domestic law, to order the infringer or, in the alternative, the alleged infringer, to provide to the right holder or to the judicial authorities, at least for the purpose of collecting evidence, relevant information as provided for in that Party’s applicable domestic law that the infringer or alleged infringer possesses or controls. This information may include information regarding a person involved in any aspect of the infringement or alleged infringement and regarding the means of production or the hannels of distribution of the infringing or allegedly infringing goods or services, including the identification of third persons alleged to be involved in the production and distribution of such goods or services and of their channels of distribution.

19. Each Party shall provide that in relation to a civil judicial proceeding concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, that Party’s judicial or other authorities have the authority to impose sanctions on a party, counsel, experts, or other persons subject to the court’s jurisdiction, for violation of judicial orders concerning the protection of confidential information produced or exchanged in connection with that proceeding.

Provisional Measures

20. Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order prompt and effective provisional measures:

21. Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to adopt provisional measures inaudita altera parte if appropriate, in particular where any delay is likely to cause irreparable harm to the right holder, or where there is a demonstrable risk of evidence being destroyed. In proceedings conducted inaudita altera parte, each Party shall provide that Party’s judicial authorities with the authority to act expeditiously on requests for provisional measures and to make a decision without undue delay.

22. At least in cases of copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings, that Party’s judicial authorities have the authority to order the seizure or other taking into custody of suspect goods, and of materials and implements relevant to the act of infringement, and, at least for trademark counterfeiting, documentary evidence, either originals or copies thereof, relevant to the infringement.

23. Each Party shall provide that its authorities have the authority to require the applicant, with respect to provisional measures, to provide any reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy themselves with a sufficient degree of certainty that the applicant’s right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent, and to order the applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse. Each Party shall provide that such security or equivalent assurance does not unreasonably deter recourse to procedures for such provisional measures.

24. Each Party may provide that if the provisional measures are revoked, if they lapse due to any act or omission by the applicant, or if it is subsequently found that there has been no infringement of an intellectual property right, the judicial authorities have the authority to order the applicant, upon request of the defendant, to provide the defendant appropriate compensation for any injury caused by these measures.

Article 16.14: Special Requirements Related to Border Measures

Scope of Border Measures

1. For the purposes of this Article, goods infringing an intellectual property right include goods that are subject to footnote 14 of Article 51 of the TRIPS Agreement.

2. The provisions in this Article may apply to in-transit ²⁰ shipments or goods.

3. A Party may apply the provisions set forth in this Article to goods put on the market in another country by or with the consent of the right holder.

Provision of Information from the Right Holder

4. Each Party shall permit that Party’s competent authorities to request that a right holder supply relevant information to assist the competent authorities in taking the border measures referred to in this Article. A Party may also allow a right holder to supply relevant information to that Party’s competent authorities.

Ex Officio Action

5. Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures with respect to import and export shipments under which that Party’s competent authorities may action upon their own initiative to suspend the release of, or to detain, goods suspected of infringing an intellectual property right.

Application by the Right Holder

6. Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures with respect to import and export shipments under which a right holder may request the competent authorities of the Party providing the procedures to suspend the release of, or to detain, goods suspected of infringing an intellectual property right.

7. Each Party may provide that, if the applicant has abused the procedures described in this Article or if there is due cause, that Party’s competent authorities have the authority to deny, suspend, or void the application.

Security or Equivalent Assurance

8. Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to require a right holder that requests the procedures provided for in paragraph 6 to provide a reasonable security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent authorities and to prevent abuse. Each Party shall provide that this security or equivalent assurance does not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures. A Party may provide that such security may be in the form of a bond conditioned to hold the defendant harmless from any loss or damage resulting from any suspension of the release of, or detention of, the goods in the event the competent authorities determine that the goods are not infringing.

Determination as to Infringement

9. Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures by which that Party’s competent authorities may determine, within a reasonable period after the initiation of the procedures described in paragraphs 5, 6, and 7, if the goods suspected of infringing an intellectual property right infringe an intellectual property right.

Remedies

10. Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to order the destruction of goods following a determination referred to in paragraph 9 that the goods are infringing. In cases where those goods are not destroyed, each Party shall ensure that, except in exceptional circumstances, those goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in a manner so as to avoid harm to the right holder.

11. In regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed is not sufficient, other than in exceptional cases, to permit release of the goods into the channels of commerce.

12. A Party may provide that its competent authorities have the authority to impose administrative penalties following a determination referred to in paragraph 9 that the goods are infringing.

Fees

13. Each Party shall provide that an application fee, storage fee, or destruction fee to be assessed by that Party’s competent authorities in connection with the procedures described in this Article not be used to unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.

Disclosure of Information

14. Each Party may, without prejudice to that Party’s law pertaining to the privacy or the confidentiality of information, authorise that Party’s competent authorities, where they have detained, or seized, goods suspected of infringing an intellectual property right, to provide a right holder who has filed a request for assistance with information about goods that could assist them in pursuing a remedy. This information may include the description and quantity of the goods, the name and address of the consignor, importer, exporter or consignee, and, if known, the country of origin of the goods and the name and address of the manufacturer of the goods.

Small Consignment and Personal Luggage

15. Each Party may exclude from the application of this Article small quantities of goods of a non-commercial nature contained in travellers’ personal luggage or sent in small consignments.

Article 16.15: Criminal Procedures and Remedies

1. Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at least in cases of wilful trademark counterfeiting or copyright or related rights piracy on a commercial scale.

2. Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied in accordance with that Party’s laws and regulations for the unauthorised copying of a cinematographic work, or any part thereof, from a performance in a movie theatre.

Penalties

3. For offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, each Party shall provide penalties that include imprisonment as well as monetary fines ²¹ sufficiently high to provide a deterrent to future acts of infringement, consistent with the level of penalties applied for crimes of a corresponding gravity.

Seizure, Forfeiture, and Destruction

4. With respect to the offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 for which a Party provides criminal procedures and penalties, that Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to order the seizure of suspected counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, related materials and implements used in the commission of the alleged offence, documentary evidence relevant to the alleged offence, and the assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly through, the alleged infringing activity.

5. If a Party requires the identification of items subject to seizure as a prerequisite for issuing an order referred to in paragraph 4, that Party shall not require the items to be described in greater detail than necessary to identify them for the purpose of seizure.

6. With respect to the offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 for which a Party provides criminal procedures and penalties, that Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to order the forfeiture or destruction of all counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods. In cases where counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods are not destroyed, the competent authorities shall ensure that, except in exceptional circumstances, those goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in a manner so as to avoid causing harm to the right holder. Each Party shall provide that the forfeiture or destruction of those goods occur without compensation of any sort to the infringer.

7. With respect to the offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 for which a Party provides criminal procedures and penalties, that Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to order the forfeiture or destruction of materials and implements predominantly used in the creation of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods and, at least for serious offences, of the assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly through, the infringing activity. Each Party shall provide that the forfeiture or destruction of such materials, implements, or assets shall occur without compensation of any sort to the infringer.

8. With respect to the offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 for which a Party provides criminal procedures and penalties, that Party may provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order:

Ex Officio Criminal Enforcement

9. Each Party shall provide that, in appropriate cases, that Party’s competent authorities may act upon their own initiative to initiate investigation or legal action with respect to the criminal offences specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 for which that Party provides criminal procedures and penalties.

Article 16.16: Special Measures against Copyright Infringers on the Internet

1. Each Party’s civil and criminal enforcement procedures to the extent set forth in this Chapter shall apply to infringement of copyright or related rights over digital networks, which may include the unlawful use of means of widespread distribution for infringing purposes.

2. A Party may provide, in accordance with that Party’s domestic law, that Party’s competent authorities with the authority to order an online service provider to disclose expeditiously to a right holder information sufficient to identify a subscriber whose account was allegedly used for infringement, if that right holder has filed a legally sufficient claim for copyright or related rights infringement, and if that information is being sought for the purpose of protecting or enforcing those rights.

3. Each Party shall endeavour to promote cooperative efforts within the business community to effectively address copyright or related rights infringement while preserving legitimate competition and, consistent with that Party’s domestic law, preserving fundamental principles such as freedom of expression, fair process, and privacy.

4. Each Party shall provide measures to curtail copyright and related right infringement on the Internet or other digital network.

5. Each Party shall implement these procedures in a manner that avoids the creation of barriers to legitimate activity, including electronic commerce and, consistent with that Party’s domestic law, preserves fundamental principles such as freedom of expression, fair process, and privacy. ²²

Article 16.17: Cooperation

1. To further the objectives in Article 16.1, the Parties agree to increase opportunities for cooperation in the field of intellectual property. Areas of cooperation may include:

2. This cooperation may include:

Article 16.18: Committee on Intellectual Property

1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Intellectual Property composed of representatives of each Party with expertise in intellectual property.

2. The Committee shall be co-chaired by a representative of each Party.

3. The Committee shall:

4. The Committee shall meet annually or as otherwise agreed.

Article 16.19: Consultations

1. Either Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding any actual or proposed measure or any other matter which that Party considers might negatively affect its intellectual property interests.

2. Upon a request pursuant to paragraph 1, the Parties agree to consult within the framework of the Committee to consider ways of reaching mutually satisfactory solutions. In doing so, the Parties shall:

3. If the Parties are unable to reach a mutually satisfactory solution pursuant to consultations under paragraph 2, either Party may refer the matter to the Commission.

Chapter Seventeen: Environment

Article 17.1: Context and Objectives

1. Recalling Agenda 21 on Environment and Development of 1992, and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation on Sustainable Development of 2002, the Parties affirm their commitments to promoting the development of international trade in such a way as to contribute to the objective of sustainable development.

2. The Parties recognise that economic development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development, and underline the benefit of cooperation on trade-related environmental issues as part of a global approach to trade and sustainable development.

3. The Parties recognise that it is inappropriate to set or use their environmental law in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade or investment between the Parties.

Article 17.2: Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection

Recognising the right of each Party to establish that Party’s own levels of environmental protection, and to adopt or modify accordingly that Party’s relevant laws and policies, each Party shall seek to ensure that those laws and policies provide for and encourage high levels of environmental protection, and where relevant, are consistent with the agreements referred to in Article 17.3, and shall strive to continue to improve those laws and policies.

Article 17.3: Multilateral Environmental Agreements

1. The Parties recognise the value of international environmental governance and agreements as a response of the international community to global or regional environmental problems and commit to consulting and cooperating as appropriate with respect to trade-related environmental issues of mutual interest.

2. The Parties affirm their commitments to the effective implementation in their respective laws and practices of the multilateral environmental agreements to which both Parties are party.

Article 17.4: Trade Favouring Environmental Protection

The Parties shall strive to facilitate and promote trade and investment in environmental goods and services, including through addressing related non-tariff barriers.

Article 17.5: Upholding Levels of Protection in the Application and Enforcement of Laws

1. A Party shall not fail to effectively enforce its environmental law, through a sustained or recurring course of action or inaction, in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.

2. The Parties recognise that a Party has not failed to effectively enforce its environmental law in a particular case if the action or inaction in question by agencies or officials of that Party reflects a reasonable exercise of their discretion in respect of investigatory, prosecutorial, regulatory, or compliance matters, or results from bona fide decisions to allocate resources to enforcement in respect of other environmental matters determined to have higher priorities.

3. The Parties recognise that it is inappropriate to encourage trade or investment by weakening or reducing the protections afforded in each Party’s respective environmental law. Accordingly, each Party shall not waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or otherwise derogate from environmental law in a manner that weakens or reduces the protections afforded in that law to encourage trade or investment between the Parties.

Article 17.6: Scientific Information

The Parties recognise the importance, when preparing and implementing measures aimed at protecting the environment that affect trade between the Parties, of taking account of scientific and technical information, and relevant international standards, guidelines, or recommendations.

Article 17.7: Access to Remedies and Procedural Guarantees

1. Each Party shall, in accordance with that Party’s domestic law, ensure that its authorities competent to enforce environmental law give due consideration to alleged violations of that law brought to their attention by interested persons residing or established in its territory.

2. Each Party shall ensure that judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative proceedings for the enforcement of its environmental law are available under its law, and are fair, equitable, transparent, and comply with due process of law. Hearings in those proceedings shall be open to the public, in accordance with that Party’s applicable law, except if the administration of justice otherwise requires.

3. Each Party shall ensure that persons with a legally recognised interest under that Party’s law in a particular matter have appropriate access to proceedings referred to in paragraph 2 for the enforcement of that Party’s environmental law and to seek remedies for violation of that law.

4. Each Party shall provide that final decisions on the merits of a case in the proceedings referred to in paragraph 2 are in writing, preferably state the reasons on which the decisions are based, and are made available to the parties to the proceedings in a timely manner and, in accordance with that Party’s domestic law, to the public.

5. Each Party shall provide that parties to the proceedings referred to in paragraph 2 have the right, as appropriate, and in accordance with applicable law, to seek review in accordance with due process and, where warranted, correction of decisions issued in those proceedings.

6. Articles 19.3 (Administrative Proceedings) and 19.4 (Review and Appeal) do not apply to this Chapter.

Article 17.8: Transparency

1. Each Party shall ensure that its laws respecting any matter covered by this Chapter are promptly published or otherwise made available so that interested persons and the other Party can become acquainted with them.

2. Each Party shall publish or otherwise make available in advance, to the extent possible, any such law that it proposes to adopt, so that the other Party or interested persons may provide comments.

3. Article 19.1 (Publication) does not apply to this Chapter.

Article 17.9: Public Information

1. Each Party shall promote public awareness of that Party’s environmental law by ensuring the availability of information relating to such law to the public.

2. Each Party shall provide for the receipt and the consideration of enquiries from persons residing or established in that Party’s territory on matters related to the implementation of this Chapter.

Article 17.10: Cooperation

Recognising the importance of cooperating on trade-related aspects of environmental issues in order to achieve the objectives of this Agreement, the Parties commit to cooperate on matters of mutual interest, subject to the availability of resources. The Parties may involve the public and interested stakeholders in the development and implementation, as appropriate, of cooperative activities. The areas of cooperation shall be determined and their implementation shall be monitored by the Environmental Affairs Council.

Article 17.11: Institutional Mechanism

1. Each Party shall designate an official within that Party’s administration who shall serve as a contact point for the purpose of implementing this Chapter.

2. The Parties hereby establish an Environmental Affairs Council. The Council shall be composed of senior representatives responsible for environmental matters from within the administration of each Party.

3. The Council shall meet within the first year of the entry into force of this Agreement, and thereafter as necessary, to discuss matters of common interest, to oversee the implementation of this Chapter, and to review, as appropriate, progress under this Chapter.

Article 17.12: Government Consultations

1. The Parties shall at all times endeavour to agree on the interpretation and application of this Chapter through dialogue, consultations, and cooperation.

2. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding any matter arising under this Chapter, by delivering a written request to the contact point of the other Party. ¹ The request shall identify the matter at issue and shall provide the other Party with sufficient information for a full examination of the matter raised. Consultations shall commence promptly after a Party delivers a request for consultations.

3. The Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of the matter.

4. If a Party considers that the matter needs further discussion, that Party may request that the Council be convened to consider the matter by delivering a written request to the contact point of the other Party. The Council shall convene promptly and endeavour to agree on a resolution of the matter. The resolution of the Council shall be made public unless the Council otherwise decides.

5. If the consultations under paragraph 4 fail to resolve the matter, a Party may request higher level consultations by delivering a written request to the contact point of the other Party. Such consultations shall proceed within 30 days of the request for such consultations unless the Parties agree otherwise.

Article 17.13: Panel of Experts ²

1. If the matter is not satisfactorily addressed through consultations under Article 17.12, a Party may, 120 days after the delivery of a request for consultations under Article 17.12.2, request that a Panel of Experts be convened to examine the matter. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the terms of reference of the Panel of Experts shall be “to examine the matter referred to in the request for the establishment of a Panel of Experts in light of the relevant provisions of the Environment Chapter and to issue a report making recommendations for the resolution of the matter”.³

The procedures set out in Annex 17-A apply to the selection of panellists.

2. If in the final report, the Panel of Experts determines that a Party has not complied with that Party’s obligations under this Chapter, the Parties shall, within 90 days from the issuance of the final report, endeavour to agree on the implementation of the recommendations of the report in a mutually satisfactory manner. The agreed outcome by the Parties on the recommendations shall be made public promptly. The implementation of the recommendations of the Panel of Experts shall be monitored by the Council.

3. Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, Annexes 21-B (Code of Conduct for Members of Panel) and 21-C (Model Rules of Procedure) apply, mutatis mutandis, unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Article 17.14: Protection of Information

This Chapter is not to be construed to require a Party to release information that would be otherwise prohibited or exempt from disclosure under that Party’s laws and regulations, including those concerning access to information and privacy.

Article 17.15: Dispute Settlement

A Party shall not have recourse to Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement) for any matter arising under this Chapter, except as otherwise provided in this Chapter.

Article 17.16: Application to the Provinces of Canada

Notwithstanding Article 1.4 (Extent of Obligations), the application of this Chapter to the provinces of Canada is subject to Annex 17-B.

Article 17.17: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

environmental law means any law, statutory or regulatory provision, or other legally binding measure, of a Party, the primary purpose of which is the protection of the environment, or the prevention of a danger to human life or health, through:

but does not include any measure directly related to worker health and safety, nor a measure the primary purpose of which is managing the commercial harvest or exploitation, or subsistence or aboriginal harvesting, of natural resources.

Annex 17-A: Procedures Related to Panel of Experts

1. For the purposes of selecting the panellists, the following procedures shall apply:

2. For the purposes of selecting the chair, the following procedures apply:

3. The experts proposed as panellists must be individuals with specialised knowledge or expertise in environmental law, or issues addressed in this Chapter and, to the extent possible, the resolution of disputes arising under international agreements. The panellists must be independent, serve in their individual capacities and not take instructions from any organisation or government with regard to issues related to the matter at stake, or be affiliated with the government of either Party.

4. Unless the Parties otherwise decide, the Panel of Experts shall perform its functions according to Annexes 21-B (Code of Conduct for Members of Panel) and 21-C (Model Rules of Procedure), which apply mutatis mutandis, and shall ensure, in particular, that:

5. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Panel of Experts shall, within 120 days of the last expert being selected, present to the Parties an interim report, setting out the findings of fact as well as any determinations the Panel of Experts has made and containing recommendations on the matter. Each Party may provide comments to the Panel of Experts on the interim report within 45 days of its issuance. After considering any such comments, the Panel of Experts may reconsider its report or make any further examination as appropriate. The Panel of Experts shall issue the final report to the Parties within 60 days of the issuance of the interim report. Each Party shall make the final report publicly available within 30 days of its issuance.

Annex 17-B: Application to Provinces of Canada

1. Following the entry into force of this Agreement, Canada shall provide to Korea through diplomatic channels a written declaration indicating the provinces for which Canada is to be bound in respect of matters within their jurisdiction. The declaration becomes effective on the date of receipt by Korea.

2. Canada shall use its best efforts to make this Chapter applicable to as many provinces as possible.

3. Canada shall notify Korea six months in advance of any modification to its declaration.

4. Canada shall not request consultations under Article 17.12, at the instance of the government of a province not included in the declaration noted above.

Chapter Eighteen: Labour

Article 18.1: Statement of Shared Commitments

The Parties affirm their obligations as members of the International Labour Organization (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”), including those in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-Up (1998) (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO Declaration”).

Section A - Obligations

Article 18.2: General Obligations

Affirming full respect for each Party’s Constitution and labour law and recognising the right of each Party to establish its own labour standards in its territory, adopt or modify accordingly its labour law, and set its priorities in the execution of its labour policies, each Party shall ensure that its labour law embodies and provides protection for the principles concerning the following internationally recognised labour rights ¹:

Article 18.3: Non-derogation

A Party shall not waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or otherwise derogate from, that Party’s labour law implementing Article 18.2 in a matter related to trade or investment, if the waiver or derogation would be inconsistent with the rights set out in that Article.

Article 18.4: Government Enforcement Action ²

1. Each Party shall effectively enforce its labour law through appropriate government action, such as:

2. Each Party shall ensure that its competent authorities give due consideration, in accordance with that Party’s domestic law, to a request by an employer, employee or their representatives, or another interested person, for an investigation of an alleged violation of the Party’s labour law.

Article 18.5: Private Action

Each Party shall ensure that a person with a legally-recognised interest under that Party’s domestic law has appropriate access to proceedings before a tribunal that can:

Article 18.6: Procedural Guarantees

1. Each Party shall ensure that investigations or proceedings referred to in Articles 18. 4.1(b), 18.4.1(f), and 18.5:

2. Each Party shall provide that final decisions on the merits of the case in proceedings referred to in paragraph 1 are in writing, preferably state the reasons on which the decisions are based, and are made available to the parties to the proceedings in a timely manner and, in accordance with its domestic law, to the public.

3. Each Party shall provide that parties to those proceedings have the right, as appropriate and in accordance with applicable domestic law, to seek review in accordance with due process and, if warranted, correction of decisions issued in those proceedings.

Article 18.7: Public Information

Each Party shall make available to the public information respecting its labour law, including information related to enforcement and compliance procedures.

Section B - Institutional Mechanisms

Article 18.8: Labour Ministerial Council

1. The Parties hereby establish a Labour Ministerial Council composed of Ministers responsible for labour affairs of the Parties or their designees.

2. The Council shall meet within the first year after the date of entry into force of this Agreement and thereafter as often as it considers necessary to discuss matters of common interest, and to oversee the implementation of and review progress under this Chapter.

3. The Council may consider any matter within the scope of this Chapter and take such other action in the exercise of its functions as the Parties may agree.

4. The Council shall review the operation and effectiveness of the Chapter in the light of experience within five years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement or such other period as may be agreed by the Council.

Article 18.9: National Points of Contact

Each Party shall designate an office within their governmental department responsible for labour affairs that shall serve as a national point of contact (hereinafter referred to as the “NPC”) and provide to the other Party its contact information by diplomatic note.

Article 18.10: Public Communications

1. Each Party shall provide for the submission and receipt and periodically make available a list of public communications on labour law matters that:

2. Each Party shall review such matters, as appropriate, in accordance with domestic procedures pursuant to Annex 18-B.

Article 18.11: Cooperative Activities

The Parties may initiate cooperative labour activities for the promotion of the objectives of this Chapter, enhancement of workers’ welfare and the promotion of better understanding by each Party of the other Party’s labour system, as set out in Annex 18-A.

Article 18.12: General Consultations

1. The Parties shall at all times endeavour to agree on the interpretation and application of this Chapter.

2. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding obligations under this Chapter by delivering a written request to the NPC of the other Party. The Parties shall make every attempt, including through cooperation, consultations and the exchange of information, to address a matter that might affect its operation.

3. If the Parties are unable to resolve the matter, the requesting Party may use the procedures provided under Article 18.13.

Section C - Procedures for Review of Obligations

Article 18.13: Labour Consultations

1. A Party may request in writing consultations with the other Party at the ministerial level to discuss matters related to obligations in Section A. The Party that is subject to the request shall respond within 60 days.

2. Each Party shall provide the other Party with sufficient information under its control to allow a full examination of the matters raised, subject to a requirement in its domestic law regarding confidentiality of personal and commercial information.

3. To facilitate discussion of the matters under consideration, either Party may call upon one or more independent experts to prepare a report, which shall be made public within 90 days of its receipt by the Ministers. The Parties shall make every effort to agree upon selection of the expert or experts and shall cooperate with the expert or experts in the preparation of the report.

4. Labour consultations shall be concluded no later than 180 days after the request unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Article 18.14: Review Panel ³, ⁴

1. Following the conclusion of labour consultations, the Party that requested the consultations may request that a Review Panel be convened if it considers that:

2. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, the Review Panel shall be established and perform its functions in a manner consistent with this Section.

3. The Review Panel shall determine, within 30 days after the last panellist is selected, whether the matter is related to trade or investment and shall cease its functions if it determines that the matter is not related to trade or investment.

4. The review shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures set out in Annex 18-D.

Article 18.15: Panellists

1. A Review Panel shall be composed of three panellists.

2. Panellists shall:

mutatis mutandis

3. If either Party believes that a panellist is in violation of the code of conduct, the Parties shall consult and, if they agree, the panellist shall be removed and a new panellist shall be selected in accordance with the procedures set out in Annex 18-D that were used to select the panellist who was removed. The time limits shall run from the date of their agreement to remove the panellist.

4. Individuals shall not serve as panellists with respect to a review in which they have, or a person or organisation with which they are affiliated has, an interest.

5. The chairperson shall not be a national of either Party.

6. Panellists shall be selected in accordance with the procedures set out in Annex 18-D.

Article 18.16: Information for the Review Panel

1. The Parties shall be entitled to make written and oral submissions to the Review Panel in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex 21-C (Model Rules of Procedure) which apply mutatis mutandis.

2. The Review Panel may invite or receive and consider written submissions and any other information from organisations, institutions, the public and persons with relevant information or expertise.

Article 18.17: Initial Report

1. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Review Panel shall base its report on the submissions and arguments of the Parties and on information before it pursuant to Article 18.16.

2. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Review Panel shall, within 180 days after the last panellist is selected, issue to the Parties an initial report containing:

3. Panellists may furnish separate opinions on matters that are not the subject of unanimous agreement. The Review Panel, however, shall not disclose which panellists are associated with majority or minority opinions.

4. Either Party may submit written comments to the Review Panel on its initial report within 45 days of presentation of the report.

5. After considering such written comments, the Review Panel, on its own initiative or on the request of either Party, may:

Article 18.18: Final Report

1. The Review Panel shall issue to the Parties a final report, including any separate opinions on matters not unanimously agreed to, within 90 days of the issuance of the initial report, unless the Parties otherwise agree.

2. The Parties shall make the final report available to the public within 120 days after it is issued to the Parties.

3. If, in the final report, the Review Panel determines that the Party that was subject to the request has failed to comply with its obligations under Section A, the Parties may develop, within the following 90 days or such longer period as they may decide, a mutually satisfactory action plan to implement the Review Panel’s recommendations.

4. Following the expiry of the period pursuant to paragraph 3, if the Parties are unable to decide on an action plan or the Party that was subject to the request is failing to implement the action plan according to its terms, the requesting Party may request in writing that the Review Panel be reconvened with a view to determining whether a monetary assessment needs to be set and paid in accordance with Annex 18-E.

Section D - General Provisions

Article 18.19: Enforcement Principle

This Chapter is not to be construed to empower a Party’s authorities to undertake labour law enforcement activities in the territory of the other Party.

Article 18.20: Private Rights

A Party shall not provide for a right of action under its domestic law against the other Party on the ground that the other Party has acted in a manner inconsistent with this Chapter.

Article 18.21: Security of Domestic Procedures

The decisions by each Party’s tribunals, or pending decisions, as well as related proceedings, shall not be subject to revision or be reopened under this Chapter.

Article 18.22: Protection of Information

1. A Party that receives information identified by the other Party as confidential or proprietary information shall protect such information as confidential or proprietary.

2. Confidential or proprietary information provided to the Review Panel under this Chapter shall be treated in accordance with paragraph 32 of Annex 21-C (Confidentiality) which applies mutatis mutandis.

Article 18.23: Cooperation with International and Regional Organisations

The Parties may, as appropriate and by agreement, seek the assistance of the International Labour Office or any other competent international and regional organisation that has the necessary expertise and resources to enhance cooperation under this Chapter.

Article 18.24: Dispute Settlement

A Party shall not have recourse to Chapter Twenty-One (Dispute Settlement) for any matter arising under this Chapter, except as otherwise provided in this Chapter.

Article 18.25: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

due process means that proceedings are conducted by decision-makers who are impartial and independent and do not have an interest in the outcome of the matter, that the parties to the proceedings are entitled to support or defend their respective positions and to present information or evidence, and that the decision is based on such information or evidence;

forced or compulsory labour does not include compulsory military service, certain civic obligations, prison labour not for private purposes and work exacted in cases of emergency;

labour law means laws, regulations, and, where applicable, jurisprudence that implement and protect the labour principles and rights set out in Article 18.2;

mutually-recognised labour law means labour law that addresses the same general subject matter in a manner in both Parties that provides rights, protections or standards, although for greater certainty the law of a Party need not be substantially similar to the law of the other Party in order to constitute a mutually-recognised labour law; and

person means a natural person, an enterprise, or an organisation of employers or workers.

Annex 18-A: Cooperative Activities

1. The NPCs established under Article 18.9 shall serve as the contact points for cooperative labour activities.

2. Officials of the labour ministries and other appropriate agencies and ministries shall cooperate to:

3. Cooperative activities between the Parties may include the following subjects:

4. Cooperative activities agreed upon under paragraph 3 may be implemented through:

5. In identifying areas for cooperation and carrying out cooperative activities, the Parties shall consider the views of their respective worker and employer representatives. The Parties shall carry out the cooperative activities with due regard for the economic, social cultural, and legislative differences between them.

Annex 18-B: Public Communications

Public communication procedures of each Party regarding the right of a person to submit a public communication to the NPC shall indicate, inter alia:

Annex 18-C: Extent of Obligations

1. At the time of entry into force of this Agreement, Canada shall provide to Korea through diplomatic channels a written declaration with a list of any provinces for which Canada is to be bound in respect of matters within their jurisdiction. The declaration shall be effective on delivery to Korea, and shall carry no implication as to the internal distribution of powers within Canada. Canada shall notify Korea six months in advance of any modification to its declaration.

2. Canada shall not request consultations, or the establishment of a Review Panel, under Section C at the instance, or primarily for the benefit, of the government of a province not included in the declaration made under paragraph 1.

3. Korea shall not request the establishment of a Review Panel, under Section C, concerning a matter related to a labour law of a province unless that province is included in the declaration made under paragraph 1.

4. Canada shall, no later than the date on which the Review Panel is convened pursuant to Article 18.14 respecting a matter within the scope of paragraph 3, notify Korea in writing of whether any recommendation of the Review Panel in a final report under Article 18.18 or monetary assessment determined pursuant to Annex 18-E with respect to Canada shall be addressed to Her Majesty in right of Canada or Her Majesty in right of the province concerned.

5. Canada shall use its best efforts to make this Chapter applicable to as many of its provinces as possible.

Annex 18-D: Procedures Related to Review Panels

Review Panel Selection Procedures

1. For the purposes of selecting a panellist, the following procedures shall apply:

Rules of Procedure

2. The rules of procedure under Article 21.8 (Rules of Procedure) apply mutatis mutandis to Review Panel proceedings under this Chapter.

3. The Parties shall agree on a separate budget for each set of Review Panel proceedings under this Chapter. The Parties shall contribute equally to the budget, unless they agree otherwise.

Terms of Reference of Panels

4. Unless the Parties otherwise agree within 30 days after the Review Panel is convened, the terms of reference shall be:

“To examine, in light of the relevant provisions of this Chapter, whether the Party that was subject to the request has failed to comply with its obligations under Section A, and to make findings, determinations and recommendations in accordance with Articles 18.17.1 and 18.17.2.”

Annex 18-E: Monetary Assessments

1. The Review Panel shall be reconvened as soon as possible after delivery of the request pursuant to Article 18.18.4. Within 90 days after being reconvened, the Review Panel shall determine whether the terms of the action plan have been implemented or the non-compliance otherwise remedied.

2. In the event of a negative determination pursuant to paragraph 1 and at the request of the complaining Party, the Review Panel shall assess an annual monetary assessment equivalent to the degree of adverse trade effects related to the non-compliance within the meaning of Article 18.14.1 or the non-compliance with the action plan and the Review Panel may adjust the assessment to reflect:

bona fide

3. Monetary assessments shall be paid into an interest-bearing fund designated by the Council and shall be expended at the direction of the Council to implement the action plan or other appropriate measures.

4. 90 days from the date on which the Review Panel determines the amount of the monetary assessment pursuant to paragraph 2, or at any time thereafter, the complaining Party may provide notice in writing to the other Party demanding payment of the monetary assessment. The monetary assessment shall be paid in equal, quarterly instalments beginning 120 days after the requesting Party provides such notice and ending upon decision of the Parties or upon the date of the Review Panel determination pursuant to paragraph 5.

5. If the Party that was subject to the review considers that it has eliminated the non-compliance, it may refer the matter to the Review Panel by providing written notice to the other Party. The Review Panel shall be reconvened within 60 days of that notice and issue its report within 90 days thereafter.

6. In Canada, the procedure for enforcement of the monetary assessment is the following:

7. Korea shall provide for the enforcement of the monetary assessment in its territory.

Chapter Nineteen

Transparency

Article 19.1: Publication

1. Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures, and administrative rulings of general application respecting a matter covered by this Agreement are promptly published or otherwise made available in such a manner as to enable interested persons and the other Party to become acquainted with them.

2. To the extent possible, each Party shall:

Article 19.2: Notification and Provision of Information

1. To the maximum extent possible, each Party shall notify the other Party of any actual or proposed measure that the Party considers might materially affect the operation of this Agreement or otherwise substantially affect the other Party’s interests under this Agreement.

2. At the request of the other Party, a Party shall promptly provide information and respond to questions pertaining to an actual or proposed measure, whether or not the other Party was previously notified of that measure.

3. Any notification or information provided pursuant to this Article is without prejudice as to whether the measure is consistent with this Agreement.

Article 19.3: Administrative Proceedings

With a view to administering in a consistent, impartial, and reasonable manner all measures of general application affecting matters covered by this Agreement, each Party shall ensure that in its administrative proceedings applying measures referred to in Article 19.1 to particular persons, goods, or services of the other Party in specific cases:

Article 19.4: Review and Appeal

1. Each Party shall establish or maintain judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative tribunals or procedures for the purpose of the prompt review and, if warranted, correction of final administrative actions regarding matters covered by this Agreement. Each Party shall ensure that such tribunals are impartial and independent of the office or authority entrusted with administrative enforcement and do not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Each Party shall ensure that, in any tribunals or procedures referred to in paragraph 1, the parties to the proceeding are provided with the right to:

3. Each Party shall ensure, subject to appeal or further review as provided in its domestic law, that the decisions referred to in paragraph 2(b) are implemented by, and govern the practice of, the offices or authorities with respect to the administrative action at issue.

Article 19.5: Cooperation on Promoting Increased Transparency

The Parties agree to cooperate in bilateral, regional, and multilateral fora on ways to promote transparency in respect of international trade and investment.

Article 19.6: Policy on Non-Discriminatory Purchase and Use of Goods and Services

Each Party affirms that it is not its policy to discourage private persons in its territory from purchasing or using goods or services of the other Party.

Article 19.7: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

administrative ruling of general application means an administrative ruling or interpretation that applies to all persons and fact situations that fall generally within its ambit and that establishes a norm of conduct but does not include:

Chapter Twenty

Institutional Provisions and Administration

Article 20.1: Joint Commission

1. The Parties hereby establish a Joint Commission, composed of representatives of the Parties. The Commission shall be co-chaired by representatives of the Parties at the Ministerial level, or their designees.

2. The Commission shall:

3. The Commission may:

4. The revisions referred to in paragraph 3(d) are subject to the completion of the necessary domestic legal procedures of either Party.

5. The Commission may establish committees, subcommittees, working groups or other bodies. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the committees, subcommittees, working groups, and other bodies shall work under a mandate approved by the Commission.

6. Decisions and recommendations of the Commission shall be taken by mutual agreement.

7. The Commission shall convene once a year, or upon the request, in writing, of either Party. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, sessions of the Commission shall be held alternately in the territory of each Party, or by any technological means available.

8. Each Party shall treat confidential information exchanged in relation to a meeting of the Commission or a body established under this Agreement on the same basis as the Party providing the information.

Article 20.2: Agreement Coordinators

1. Each Party shall appoint an Agreement Coordinator (hereinafter referred to as the “Coordinator”) and notify the other Party within 60 days following the entry into force of this Agreement.

2. The Coordinators shall:

3. The Coordinators shall meet as often as required.

4. Either Party may at any time request in writing that a special meeting of the Coordinators be held. The meeting shall take place within 30 days of receipt of the request.

Annex 20-A: Committees, Sub-Committees, Working Groups, and Other Bodies

1. The Committees established are:

2. The Sub-Committees established are:

3. The Working Group, which may be established on request of a Party, is:

Working Group on Standards-Related Measures related to Building Products and Related Assemblies;

4. Other Bodies established are:

Annex 20-B: Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korean Peninsula

1. Recognising Korea’s constitutional mandate and security interests, and the corresponding interests of Canada, and both Parties’ commitment to promoting peace and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula, and the importance of intra-Korean economic co-operation toward that goal, the Parties hereby establish a Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korean Peninsula. The Committee shall review whether the conditions on the Korean Peninsula are appropriate for further economic development through the establishment and development of outward processing zones.

2. The Committee shall be composed of officials of the Parties. The Committee shall meet on or before the first anniversary of the entry into force of this Agreement and at least once annually thereafter, or at a time as mutually agreed.

3. The Committee shall identify geographic areas that may be designated outward processing zones. The Committee shall determine whether any such outward processing zone has met the criteria established by the Committee. The Committee shall also establish a maximum threshold for the value of the total input of the originating final good that may be added within the geographic area of the outward processing zone.

Chapter Twenty-One: Dispute Settlement

Section A – Dispute Settlement

Article 21.1: Cooperation

The Parties shall endeavour at all times to agree on the interpretation and application of this Agreement, and shall make every attempt through cooperation and consultations to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of a matter that may affect its operation.

Article 21.2: Scope and Coverage

Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the dispute settlement provisions of this Section apply with respect to the avoidance or settlement of all disputes between the Parties regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement or wherever a Party considers that:

Article 21.3: Choice of Forum

1. Subject to paragraph 2, disputes regarding a matter arising under both this Agreement and another trade agreement to which both Parties are party, including the WTO Agreement, may be settled in either forum at the discretion of the complaining Party.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, if a Party complained against claims that its measures are subject to Article 1.3 (Relation to Multilateral Environmental Agreements) and requests in writing that the matter be considered under this Agreement, the complaining Party may, in respect of that matter, thereafter have recourse to dispute settlement procedures solely under this Agreement.

3. If the complaining Party requests the establishment of a dispute settlement panel under an agreement referred to in paragraph 1, the forum selected shall be used to the exclusion of the other, unless the Party complained against makes a request pursuant to paragraph 2.

Article 21.4: Consultations

1. A Party may request in writing consultations with the other Party regarding a matter referred to in Article 21.2.

2. The Party requesting consultations shall deliver the request to the other Party and shall set out the reasons for the request, including the identification of the measure or other matter at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint.

3. With respect to disputes relating to automotive goods, a Party may refer a matter referred to in Article 21.2 to the Sub-Committee on Trade in Automotive Goods established under Annex 2-C by delivering written notification to the other Party in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 2. This Sub-Committee shall endeavour to resolve the matter through consultations conducted in accordance with paragraphs 5, 6 and 7.

4. Subject to paragraph 5, the Parties shall enter into consultations within 30 days of the date of receipt of the request for consultations by the Party complained against, unless the Parties agree otherwise.

5. In cases of urgency, including those that concern perishable goods or motor vehicles, the Parties shall enter into consultations within 10 days of the date of receipt of the request for consultations by the Party complained against.

6. The Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of a matter through consultations under this Article. To this end, the Parties shall:

7. Consultations are confidential and without prejudice to the rights of the Parties in proceedings under this Chapter.

Article 21.5: Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation

1. The Parties may agree to undertake alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as good offices, conciliation, or mediation.

2. Alternative methods of dispute resolution are conducted according to procedures agreed to by the Parties.

3. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, procedures established under this Article may begin at any time and be suspended or terminated at any time by either Party.

4. Proceedings involving good offices, conciliation, or mediation are confidential and without prejudice to the rights of the Parties in any other proceedings.

Article 21.6: Establishment of a Panel

1. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, if a matter referred to Article 21.2 is not resolved by recourse to consultations referred to Article 21.4 within:

the complaining Party may, through written notification to the Party complained against, refer the matter to a dispute settlement panel. The panel is established upon receipt by the Party complained against of the written notification of the complaining Party.

2. In its written notification of panel establishment, the complaining Party shall identify the specific measures or other matter at issue and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly.

Article 21.7: Panel Composition

1. In this Section, the “Receipt Date” means the date on which the written notification by one Party for the establishment of a panel referred to in Article 21.6.1 is received by the other Party.

2. The panel shall be composed of three members.

3. Within 30 days after the Receipt Date or 10 days in cases of motor vehicles, each Party shall appoint a panellist and propose up to four candidates, who are neither nationals of either Party nor have their usual place of residence in the territory of either Party, to serve as the chair of the panel (hereinafter referred to as “the chair”).

4. Each Party shall notify the other Party in writing of its panel member appointment and its proposed candidates to serve as the chair. If a Party fails to appoint a panellist in accordance with this Article, the panellist shall be selected by lot from the candidates proposed by each Party to serve as the chair in accordance with paragraph 3.

5. Within 60 days after the Receipt Date or 15 days in cases of motor vehicles, the Parties shall endeavour to agree on and appoint the chair from among the candidates proposed. If the Parties are unable to agree on the chair within this time period, within an additional period of seven days, or within an additional period of four days in cases of motor vehicles, the chair shall be selected by lot from the candidates proposed by each Party in accordance with paragraph 3.

6. If a panellist appointed by a Party is unable to serve, withdraws or is removed, a replacement shall be appointed by that Party within 30 days, or within 10 days in cases of motor vehicles, failing which the replacement shall be appointed in accordance with paragraph 4. If the chair is unable to serve, withdraws or is removed, the Parties shall promptly agree on the appointment of a replacement, failing which the replacement shall be appointed by a selection by lot from among the remaining candidates previously proposed by each Party to serve as the chair in accordance with paragraph 3. If there are no remaining candidates, each Party shall propose up to three additional candidates satisfying the criteria set out in paragraph 3 and the chair shall be selected by lot from among them. In any such case, any time period applicable to the proceeding is suspended for a period beginning on the date the panellist or the chair is unable to serve, withdraws or is removed and ending on the date the replacement is selected.

7. Each panellist shall:

8. If a Party believes that a panellist does not satisfy a qualification set out in paragraph 7 or has failed to comply with the Code of Conduct for Members of Panels set out in Annex 21-B, the Parties shall consult and, if they agree, the panellist shall be removed.

Article 21.8: Rules of Procedure

1. A panel established under this Chapter shall follow the Model Rules of Procedure set out in Annex 21-C. A panel may establish, in consultation with the Parties, supplementary rules of procedure that do not conflict with the provisions of this Chapter.

2. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the rules of procedure of a panel shall ensure:

3. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the terms of reference of the panel shall be:
“To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions of this Agreement, the matter referred to in the written notification of the panel establishment, and to make findings, determinations, and recommendations as provided in Article 21.9.”

4. If a complaining Party wishes to argue that there is nullification or impairment of benefits in the sense of Annex 21-A, the terms of reference shall so indicate.

5. If a Party wishes the panel to make findings as to the degree of adverse effects of any measure determined to be inconsistent with the obligations of this Agreement or as to the degree of nullification or impairment in the sense of Annex 21-A, the terms of reference shall so indicate.

6. At the request of a Party, or on the panel’s own initiative, the panel may seek information and technical advice from any person or body that it deems appropriate, provided that the Parties so agree and subject to any terms and conditions agreed to by the Parties.

7. The panel may rule on its own jurisdiction.

8. Findings, determinations, and recommendations of the panel in the sense of Article 21.9 shall be made by a majority of its members. Panellists may provide separate opinions on matters not unanimously agreed.

9. The expenses of a panel proceeding under this Section, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the Parties in equal shares.

Article 21.9: Panel Reports

1. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the panel shall issue reports in accordance with the provisions of this Section.

2. The panel shall base its reports on the relevant provisions of this Agreement, applied and interpreted in accordance with the rules of interpretation of public international law, including Articles 31, 32, and 33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, done at Vienna on 23 May 1969, on the submissions and arguments of the Parties and on information and technical advice put before it pursuant to the provisions of this Section.

3. Within 90 days after the three panellists are appointed, or within 50 days in cases of motor vehicles, the panel shall issue to the Parties an initial report containing its findings of fact and its determinations as to:

4. The panel shall include in its initial report the basic rationale behind its findings and determinations.

5. At the request of a Party, the panel shall include in its initial report recommendations for the resolution of the dispute.

6. A Party may submit written comments to the panel regarding its initial report. After considering these comments, the panel, on its own initiative or at the request of a Party, may:

7. The panel shall issue to the Parties a final report within 30 days of the issuance of the initial report, or within 17 days in cases of motor vehicles.

8. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 21.8 and Annex 21-C, the initial report of the panel shall be confidential. The final report of the panel may be published by either Party 15 days after it is issued to the Parties, subject to the protection of confidential information.

Article 21.10: Implementation of the Final Report

1. On receipt of the final report of a panel, the Parties shall agree on the resolution of the dispute, which, unless the Parties agree otherwise, shall be in conformity with the determinations and recommendations, if any, of the panel.

2. Wherever possible, the resolution shall be the removal of a measure not conforming to this Agreement or the removal of nullification or impairment in the sense of Annex 21-A. If the Parties fail to agree on the resolution of the dispute, the Parties may agree to compensation in lieu of the removal of a measure or of the removal of nullification or impairment.

3. If the Parties do not agree on a resolution pursuant to paragraph 1 within 30 days of the issuance of the final report of the panel, or within 10 days in cases of motor vehicles, or within another period as the Parties may agree, the Party complained against shall, at the request of the complaining Party, enter into negotiations with a view to agreeing on compensation referred to in paragraph 2.

Article 21.11: Non-Implementation – Suspension of Benefits

1. If no agreement on compensation is reached pursuant to Article 21.10.3 within 20 days, or within 10 days in cases of motor vehicles, from the date of the complaining Party’s request for compensation, or if 30 days, or 10 days in cases of motor vehicles, have passed since the issuance of the final report if compensation is not requested by the complaining Party pursuant to Article 21.10.3, the complaining Party may:

2. In considering what benefits to suspend pursuant to paragraph 1:

3. If the Party complained against considers that the level of benefits that the complaining Party intends to suspend pursuant to paragraph 1 is manifestly excessive, the Party complained against may request in writing that the original panel established under Article 21.6 be reconvened to rule on this matter. This request shall be notified to the complaining Party within 30 days, or within seven days in cases of motor vehicles, of the receipt of the written notification provided by the complaining Party under paragraph 1(a). The panel shall be composed, to the extent possible, of the panellists who served on the original panel. If an original panellist is unable to serve on the panel established under this paragraph, a replacement panellist shall be appointed in accordance with Article 21.7, applied mutatis mutandis. Articles 21.8 and 21.9 apply to procedures adopted and reports issued by a panel established under this paragraph, with the exception that the panel shall issue a single final report within 45 days, or within 25 days in cases of motor vehicles, of its establishment, or, if an original panellist is unable to serve on the panel established under this paragraph, from the date of the last appointment of any replacement panellist. A complaining Party may suspend benefits that are consistent with the panel ruling under this paragraph.

4. The suspension of benefits shall be temporary and shall only be applied by the complaining Party until the measure found to be inconsistent with the obligations of this Agreement has been withdrawn or amended so as to bring it into conformity with this Agreement, or the Parties have otherwise reached agreement on a resolution of the dispute.

Article 21.12: Compliance Review

If there is disagreement as to the existence or consistency with this Agreement of measures taken to comply with the determinations or recommendations of a panel established under Article 21.6, a Party may refer the matter to a dispute settlement panel (hereinafter referred to as the “compliance panel”) through written notification to the other Party. The compliance panel is established upon receipt by the other Party of the written notification ². In the written notification of compliance panel establishment, the Party shall identify the matter at issue and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly. A compliance panel established under this paragraph shall be composed, to the extent possible, of the panellists who served on the original panel established under Article 21.6. If an original panellist is unable to serve on the compliance panel established under this paragraph, a replacement panellist shall be appointed in accordance with Article 21.7, applied mutatis mutandis. Articles 21.8 and 21.9 apply to procedures adopted and reports issued by a compliance panel. Where a complaining Party has suspended benefits in accordance with Article 21.11, it may continue to suspend such benefits during proceedings under this paragraph. A compliance panel may include in its final report a recommendation that such suspension be terminated or that the amount of benefits suspended be modified.

Section B – Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement

Article 21.13: Referrals of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings

1. If an issue of interpretation or application of this Agreement arises in a domestic judicial or administrative proceeding of a Party that either Party considers would merit its intervention, or if a court or administrative body solicits the views of a Party, that Party shall notify the other Party. The Commission shall endeavour to agree on an appropriate response as expeditiously as possible.

2. The Party in whose territory the court or administrative body is located shall submit any agreed interpretation of the Commission to the court or administrative body in accordance with the rules of that forum.

3. If the Commission is unable to agree, either Party may submit its own views to the court or administrative body in accordance with the rules of that forum.

Article 21.14: Private Rights

A Party shall not provide for a right of action under its domestic law against the other Party on the ground that a measure of that other Party is inconsistent with this Agreement.

Article 21.15: Alternative Dispute Resolution

1. To the extent possible, each Party shall encourage and facilitate the use of arbitration and other means of alternative dispute resolution for the settlement of international commercial disputes between private parties in the free trade area established under Article 1.1 (Establishment of a Free Trade Area).

2. To this end, each Party shall provide appropriate procedures to ensure observance of agreements to arbitrate and for the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in such disputes.

3. A Party shall be deemed to be in compliance with paragraph 2 if it is a party to, and is in compliance with, the New York Convention.

Annex 21-A: Nullification and Impairment

1. If a Party considers that any benefit it could reasonably have expected to accrue to it under any provision of:

is nullified or impaired as a result of the application of any measure that is not inconsistent with this Agreement, in the sense of Article XXIII(1)(b) of GATT 1994, Article XXIII(3) of GATS or Article XXII(2) of GPA, the Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under Section A of this Chapter. A panel established pursuant to Section A of this Chapter shall take into account relevant jurisprudence under the Dispute Settlement Understanding concerning Article XXIII(1)(b) of GATT 1994, Article XXIII(3) of GATS or Article XXII(2) of GPA.

2. A Party shall not invoke:

with respect to any measure subject to an exception under Article 22.1 (General Exceptions). In addition, a Party shall not invoke paragraphs 1(a), (b), and (c) with respect to any measure subject to the exception under Article 22.6 (Cultural Industries).

Annex 21-B: Code of Conduct for Members of Panels

Definitions

1. For the purposes of this Annex:

2. Every candidate and panellist shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety, shall be independent and impartial, shall avoid direct and indirect conflicts of interests, and shall observe high standards of conduct so that the integrity and impartiality of the dispute settlement mechanism is preserved. Former panellists must comply with the obligations established in paragraphs 15 through 18.

Disclosure Obligations

3. Prior to confirmation of his or her selection as a panellist under this Agreement, a candidate shall disclose any interest, relationship or matter that is likely to affect his or her independence or impartiality or that might reasonably create an appearance of impropriety or bias in the proceeding. To this end, a candidate shall make all reasonable efforts to become aware of any such interests, relationships and matters.

4. A candidate or panellist shall only communicate matters concerning actual or potential violations of this Annex to the Commission for consideration by the Parties.

5. Once selected, a panellist shall continue to make all reasonable efforts to become aware of any interests, relationships, or matters referred to in paragraph 3 and shall disclose them. The disclosure obligation is a continuing duty that requires a panellist to disclose any such interests, relationships, or matters that may arise during any stage of the proceeding. The panellist shall disclose such interests, relationships, or matters by informing the Commission, in writing, for consideration by the Parties.

Duties of Panellists

6. Upon selection, a panellist shall perform his or her duties thoroughly and expeditiously throughout the course of the proceeding with fairness and diligence.

7. A panellist shall consider only those issues raised in the proceeding and necessary for a ruling and shall not delegate this duty to another person.

8. A panellist shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that his or her assistant and staff are aware of, and comply with paragraphs 2 through 5, 16, 17, and 18.

9. A panellist shall not engage in ex parte contacts concerning the proceeding.

Independence and Impartiality of Panellists

10. A panellist shall be independent and impartial, shall avoid creating an appearance of impropriety or bias, and shall not be influenced by self-interest, outside pressure, political considerations, public clamour, loyalty to a Party or fear of criticism.

11. A panellist shall not, directly or indirectly, incur any obligation or accept any benefit that would in any way interfere, or appear to interfere, with the proper performance of his or her duties.

12. A panellist shall not use his or her position on the panel to advance personal or private interests and shall avoid actions that may create the impression that others are in a special position to influence him or her.

13. A panellist shall not allow financial, business, professional, family or social relationships or responsibilities to influence his or her conduct or judgement.

14. A panellist shall avoid entering into a relationship or acquiring a financial interest that is likely to affect his or her impartiality or that might reasonably create an appearance of impropriety or bias.

Obligations of Former Panellists

15. All former panellists shall avoid actions that may create the appearance that they were biased in carrying out their duties or derived advantage from the decision or ruling of the panel.

Confidentiality

16. Neither a panellist nor a former panellist shall disclose or use, at any time, non public information concerning a proceeding or acquired during a proceeding, except for the purposes of that proceeding, or disclose or use, in any case, such information to gain personal advantage or advantage for others or to adversely affect the interest of others.

17. A panellist shall not disclose a panel ruling or parts thereof prior to its publication in accordance with this Agreement.

18. A panellist or former panellist shall not disclose, at any time, the deliberations of a panel or a panellist’s view.

Annex 21-C: Model Rules of Procedure

Application

1. The following rules of procedure apply to dispute settlement proceedings under this Chapter unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Definitions

2. For the purposes of this Annex:

adviser means a natural person retained by a Party to advise or assist the Party in connection with the panel proceeding;

assistant means a natural person who, under the terms of appointment of a panellist, conducts research or provides assistance to the panel;

candidate means a natural person who is under consideration for selection as a member of a panel under Article 21.7;

complaining Party means a Party that requests the establishment of a panel under Article 21.6;

public holiday means every Saturday and Sunday and any other day designated by a Party as a holiday for the purposes of these rules and notified to the other Party;

panel means a dispute settlement panel established under Article 21.6;

panellist means a member of a panel established under Article 21.6;

Party complained against means the Party that is alleged to be in violation of the provisions referred to in Article 21.2; and

representative of a Party means an employee of a government department or agency or of any other government entity of a Party.

3. A reference made in these rules of procedure to an Article is a reference to the appropriate Article in this Chapter.

Administration of Proceedings

4. The Party in whose territory the hearing takes place shall be in charge of the logistical administration of the dispute settlement proceedings, in particular the organisation of hearings, unless the Parties decide otherwise.

Notifications

5. The Parties and the panel shall transmit a request, notice, written submission, or other document by delivery against receipt, registered post, courier, facsimile transmission, telex, telegram, or any other means of telecommunication that provides a record of the sending thereof.

6. A Party shall provide a copy of each of its written submissions to the other Party and to each of the panellists. A copy of the document shall also be provided in electronic format.

7. All notifications shall be addressed to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea, or its successor and to the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development of Canada, or its successor, respectively.

8. Minor errors of a clerical nature in a request, notice, written submission, or other document related to the panel proceeding may be corrected by delivery of a new document clearly indicating the changes.

9. If the last day for delivery of a document falls on a public holiday of Korea or Canada, the document may be delivered on the next business day. Commencement of Panel Proceeding

10. Unless the Parties decide otherwise, the Parties shall meet with or contact the panel within seven days of the appointment of the three panellists in order to determine such matters as the Parties or the panel deems appropriate, including the remuneration and expenses to be paid to the panellists, which will be in accordance with WTO standards.

11. The Parties shall notify the agreed terms of reference to the panel within two days of the appointment of the three panellists.

Initial Submissions

12. The complaining Party shall deliver its initial written submission no later than 20 days after the appointment of the three panellists. The Party complained against shall deliver its written counter-submission no later than 20 days after the date of delivery of the initial written submission.

Conduct of Panel Proceedings

13. The chair of the panel shall preside at all its meetings. The panel may delegate to the chair authority to make administrative and procedural decisions.

14. Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, the panel may conduct its activities by any means, including telephone, facsimile transmissions, or computer links.

15. Only panellists may take part in the deliberations of the panel, but the panel may permit its assistants to be present at its deliberations.

16. The drafting of any ruling shall remain the exclusive responsibility of the panel and must not be delegated.

17. If a procedural question arises that is not covered by the provisions of this Chapter, including this Annex, the panel may adopt an appropriate procedure that is compatible with those provisions.

18. When the panel considers that there is a need to modify any time limit applicable in the proceedings or to make any other procedural or administrative adjustment, it shall inform the Parties in writing of the reasons for the change or adjustment and of the period or adjustment needed.

Hearings

19. The chair of the panel shall fix the date and time of the hearing in consultation with the Parties and the other members of the panel, and confirm this information in writing to the Parties. This information shall also be made publicly available by the Party in charge of the logistical administration of the proceedings unless the hearing is closed to the public.

20. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the hearings shall alternate between the territories of the Parties with the first hearing to take place in the territory of the Party complained against.

21. The panel may convene additional hearings if the Parties so agree.

22. All panellists shall be present during the entirety of any hearing.

23. The following persons may attend the hearing, irrespective of whether the hearing is closed to the public or not:

Only the representatives and advisers of the Parties may address the panel.

24. No later than five days before the date of a hearing, each Party shall deliver to the panel a list of the names of persons who will make oral arguments or presentations at the hearing on behalf of that Party and of other representatives or advisers who will be attending the hearing.

25. Hearings shall be open to the public, unless the Parties decide otherwise. Hearings shall be held in closed session when the submissions and arguments of a Party contain confidential information.

26. The panel shall conduct the hearing in the following manner, ensuring that the complaining Party and the Party complained against are afforded equal time:

argument

rebuttal argument

27. The panel may direct questions to either Party at any time during the hearing.

28. The panel shall arrange for a transcript of each hearing to be prepared and delivered to the Parties as soon as possible after the hearing.

29. Each Party may deliver a supplementary written submission concerning a matter that arises during the hearing within 10 days of the date of the hearing.

Questions in Writing

30. The panel may at any time during the proceedings address questions in writing to a Party or both Parties. Each Party shall receive a copy of any questions put by the panel.

31. A Party shall also provide a copy of its written response to the panel’s questions to the other Party. Each Party shall be given the opportunity to provide written comments on the other Party’s reply within five days of the date of delivery.

Confidentiality

32. The Parties and their advisers shall maintain the confidentiality of the panel hearings if the hearings are held in closed session, in accordance with paragraph 25. Each Party and its advisers shall treat as confidential any information submitted by the other Party to the panel which that Party has designated as confidential. If a Party submits a confidential version of its written submissions to the panel, it shall also, upon request of the other Party, provide a non-confidential summary of the information contained in its submissions that could be disclosed to the public no later than 15 days after the date of either the request or the submission, whichever is later. This paragraph does not preclude a Party from disclosing statements of its own positions to the public to the extent that, when making reference to information submitted by the other Party, it does not disclose any information designated by the other Party as confidential.

Ex Parte Contacts

33. The panel shall not meet with or contact a Party in the absence of the other Party, nor shall a Party communicate with the panel or individual panellists without notifying the other Party.

34. Subject to paragraph 13, no member of the panel may discuss an aspect of the subject matter of the proceedings with a Party or both Parties in the absence of the other panellists.

Amicus Curiae Submissions

35. Unless the Parties decide otherwise, within three days of the date of the appointment of the three panellists, the panel may receive unsolicited written submissions from interested persons of the Parties, provided that they are made within 10 days of the date of the appointment of the three panellists, that they are concise and in no case longer than 15 typed pages, including any annexes, and that they are directly relevant to the factual and legal issues under consideration by the panel.

36. The submission must contain a description of the person making the submission, including its nationality or place of establishment, the nature of its activities and the source of its financing, and specify the nature of the interest that the person has in the proceeding.

37. The panel shall list in its ruling all the submissions it has received that conform to paragraphs 35 and 36. The panel is not obliged to address in its ruling the factual or legal arguments made in these submissions. A submission obtained by the panel under paragraphs 35 and 36 shall be submitted to the Parties for their comments.

Cases of Urgency

38. In cases of urgency referred to in Article 21.6.1(b), the panel shall adjust, as appropriate, the time limits referred to in this Annex.

Translation and Interpretation

39. During the consultations referred to in Article 21.4, and no later than the meeting referred to in paragraph 10, the Parties shall endeavour to agree on a common working language for the proceedings before the panel.

40. If the Parties are unable to agree on a common working language, each Party shall expeditiously arrange for and bear the costs of the translation of its written submissions into the language chosen by the other Party and the Party complained against shall arrange for the interpretation of oral submissions into the languages chosen by the Parties.

41. Panel rulings shall be issued in the language or languages chosen by the Parties.

42. The costs incurred for translation of a panel ruling shall be borne equally by the Parties.

43. A Party may provide comments on any translated version of a document drawn up in accordance with paragraph 40.

Calculation of Time Limits

44. If, by reason of the application of paragraph 9, a Party receives a document on a date other than the date of the last day for delivery of that document, any period of time that is calculated on the basis of the date of the last day for delivery of that document shall be calculated from the date that document was actually received.

Chapter Twenty-Two

Exceptions

Article 22.1: General Exceptions

1. For the purposes of Chapters Two (National Treatment and Market Access for Goods), Three (Rules of Origin), Four (Origin Procedures and Trade Facilitation), Five (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures), Six (Standards-Related Measures), Seven (Trade Remedies), and Thirteen (Electronic Commerce), Article XX of the GATT 1994 and, for greater certainty, its interpretative notes are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis. The Parties understand that the measures referred to in Article XX(b) of the GATT 1994 include environmental measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. The Parties further understand that Article XX(g) of the GATT 1994 applies to measures relating to the conservation of living and non-living exhaustible natural resources.

2. For the purposes of Chapters Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services), Eleven (Telecommunications), Twelve (Temporary Entry for Business Persons), and Thirteen (Electronic Commerce), Articles XIV (a), (b) and (c) of GATS are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis. The Parties understand that the measures referred to in Article XIV(b) of GATS include environmental measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health.

3. For the purposes of Chapter Eight (Investment), subject to the requirement that those measures are not applied in a manner that would constitute arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between investments or between investors, or a disguised restriction on international trade or investment, this Agreement is not to be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or enforcing measures necessary:

Article 22.2: National Security

This Agreement is not to be construed:

Article 22.3: Taxation

1. Except as set out in this Article, this Agreement does not apply to a taxation measure.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2:

4. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 5:

5. Paragraph 4 does not:

6. Subject to paragraph 2, and without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the Parties under paragraph 3, Article 8.8 (Performance Requirements) applies to taxation measures.

7. Article 8.11 (Expropriation and Compensation) applies to a taxation measure. However, an investor shall not invoke Article 8.11 (Expropriation and Compensation) as the basis for a claim under Article 8.18 (Claim by an Investor of a Party on its Own Behalf) or 8.19 (Claim by an Investor of a Party on Behalf of an Enterprise) if it has been determined pursuant to this paragraph that the measure is not an expropriation. The investor shall refer to the designated authorities, at the time that it gives its Notice of Intent under Article 8.20 (Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration), the issue of whether that taxation measure is not an expropriation. If the designated authorities do not agree to consider the issue or, having agreed to consider it, fail to agree that the measure is not an expropriation within a period of 180 days of such referral, the investor may submit its claim to arbitration under Article 8.23 (Submission of a Claim to Arbitration).

8. This Agreement is not to be construed to require a Party to furnish or allow access to information the disclosure of which would be contrary to the Party’s law protecting information concerning the taxation affairs of a taxpayer.

Article 22.4: Transfers

1. Chapters Eight (Investment), Nine (Cross-Border Trade in Services), and Ten (Financial Services) are not to be construed to prevent Korea from applying measures pursuant to Article 6 of the Foreign Exchange Transactions Act, provided that such measures ¹:

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to measures that restrict:

Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund

Article 22.5: Disclosure of Information

1. This Agreement is not to be construed to require a Party to furnish or allow access to information the disclosure of which would impede law enforcement or would be contrary to the Party’s law protecting the deliberative and policy-making processes of the executive branch of government at the cabinet level, personal privacy, or the financial affairs and accounts of individual customers of financial institutions.

2.This Agreement is not to be construed to require, during the course of any dispute settlement procedure under this Agreement, a Party to furnish or allow access to information protected under its competition laws, or a competition authority of a Party to furnish or allow access to other information that is privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure.

Article 22.6: Cultural Industries

This Agreement is not to be construed to apply to measures adopted or maintained by either Party with respect to cultural industries except as specifically provided in Articles 1.6 (Cultural Cooperation) and 2.3 (Tariff Elimination).

Article 22.7: World Trade Organization Waivers

To the extent that there are overlapping rights and obligations in this Agreement and the WTO Agreement, measures adopted by a Party in conformity with a waiver decision adopted by the WTO pursuant to Article IX of the WTO Agreement are deemed to be also in conformity with this Agreement. The conforming measure of either Party shall not give rise to legal actions by an investor of a Party against the other Party under Section B of Chapter Eight (Investor-State Dispute Settlement).

Article 22.8: Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

competition authority means:

cultural industries means persons engaged in any of the following activities:

designated authority means:

or their respective successors;

information protected under its competition laws means:

Competition Act

Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act

tax convention means a convention for the avoidance of double taxation or other international taxation agreement or arrangement; and

taxes and taxation measures do not include:

Annex 22-A: Taxation and Expropriation

The determination of whether a taxation measure, in a specific fact situation, constitutes an expropriation requires a case-by-case, fact-based inquiry that considers all relevant factors relating to the investment, including the factors listed in Annex 8-B (Expropriation) and the following considerations:

Chapter Twenty-Three

Final Provisions

Article 23.1: Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes

The Annexes, Appendices, and footnotes to this Agreement constitute integral parts of this Agreement.

Article 23.2: Amendments

The Parties may agree, in writing, to amend this Agreement. An amendment shall enter into force after the Parties exchange written notifications certifying that they have completed their respective applicable legal requirements and procedures, on the date agreed by the Parties.

Article 23.3: Reservations

This Agreement shall not be subject to unilateral reservations or unilateral interpretative declarations.

Article 23.4: Entry into Force

Each Party shall notify the other Party in writing of the completion of the domestic procedures required for the entry into force of this Agreement. Except as provided in Article 14.7 (Entry into Force), this Agreement shall enter into force 30 days from the date of the second of these notifications or on such other date as the Parties may agree.

Article 23.5: Duration and Termination

This Agreement shall remain in force unless terminated by either Party by written notification to the other Party of its intention to terminate this Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate six months after the date of such notification.

Article 23.6: Authentic Texts

Unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, the English, French, and Korean texts of this Agreement are equally authentic.

Footnotes:

Chapter 2:
1 If another form of monetary security is used, it shall not be more burdensome than the bonding requirement referred to in this subparagraph. If a Party uses a non-monetary form of security, it shall not be more burdensome than existing forms of security used by that Party.

2 This paragraph does not cover goods imported in bond, into foreign trade zones, or in similar status, that are exported for repair and are not re-imported in bond, into foreign trade zones, or in similar status.

3 The Parties agree to discuss issues related to icewine including labelling and definition pursuant to this paragraph.

4 An operation or process that is part of the production or assembly of an unfinished good into a finished good is not repair of the unfinished good; a component of a good is a good that may be subject to repair or alteration.

Chapter 4:
1 For Korea, English or Korean; for Canada, English or French.

2 Before releasing the goods, a Party may require an importer to provide sufficient guarantee in the form of a surety, a deposit, or some other appropriate instrument, covering the ultimate payment of the customs duties, taxes, and fees in connection with the importation of the goods.

Chapter 6:
1 For the purposes of this Chapter, sub-national government does not include local government.

2 KMVSS refers to the corresponding standards of the Automobile Management Act of Korea.

3 For the purposes of this Article, UN regulations means regulations covered by the 1958 Agreement of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29), within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

4 For greater certainty, when Korea accepts compliance with UN regulations in conformity with paragraph 2(b), UN ECE type-approval certificates issued by competent authorities shall be considered as providing a presumption of conformity. If Korea finds that a certain good covered by a type-approval certificate does not conform to the approved type, it shall inform Canada. This footnote is without prejudice to Korea’s right to take appropriate measures, as set out in paragraph 4(b).

5 CMVSS refers to the correspondingly numbered sections of Schedules IV and V.1 of the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations and Motor Vehicle Tire Safety Regulations.

6 “Relevant” guides or recommendations in this paragraph are guides or recommendations on compliance testing procedures applicable to a standard or regulation that a Party has incorporated into its domestic law, either by reference or by duplicating the relevant provisions of that standard or regulation.

7 The Parties acknowledge that for some subjects listed in this Table the applicable standard or regulation of a Party does not mandate installation of a part, but regulates requirements for that part if it is optionally installed on a motor vehicle. For those subjects, a Party may only require installation

8 For a motor vehicle fitted with either HID (High Intensity Discharge) head lamps or LED (Light Emitting Diode) head lamps, this equivalency only applies if the vehicle has an auto leveling device installed that enables the vehicle to automatically adjust the vertical optical axis of its head lamp.

9 For a motor vehicle fitted with fog lamps, this equivalency only applies for those vehicles that conform to the applicable SAE standard.

10 For a motor vehicle fitted with either HID (High Intensity Discharge) front fog lamps or LED (Light Emitting Diode) front fog lamps, this equivalency only applies if the vehicle has an auto leveling device installed that enables the vehicle to automatically adjust the vertical optical axis of its front fog lamp.

11 This equivalency only applies for motor vehicles fitted with yellow or amber turn signals.

12 This equivalency only applies for internal combustion engine (i.e. it does not include traction motors).

13 The Parties acknowledge that for some subjects listed in this Table the applicable standard or regulation of a Party does not mandate installation of a part, but regulates requirements for that part if it is optionally installed on a motor vehicle. For those subjects, a Party may only require installation of the relevant part if doing so qualifies under the criteria established in Article 6.7.4(c) or (d).

14 The Parties acknowledge that the FMVSS and other standards or regulations in this Annex are incorporated, in whole or in part, with the adaptations needed, into the corresponding numbered sections of Schedule IV of the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations and Motor Vehicle Tire Safety Regulations, which form the CMVSS, or other applicable provisions, as amended.

15 The Parties acknowledge that the UN regulations in this Annex are incorporated, in whole or in part, with the adaptations needed, into the corresponding numbered sections of Schedules IV and V.1 of the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations, which form the CMVSS, or other applicable provisions, as amended.

Chapter 7:
1 Although recourse to dispute settlement is not available with respect to paragraphs 2 and 4, the Parties affirm that those paragraphs create binding rights and obligations.

Chapter 8:
1 For greater certainty, the treatment accorded by a Party under this Article means, with respect to a sub-national government, treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that sub-national government to investors, and to investments of investors, of a non-party.

2 For greater certainty, treatment “with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments” referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 does not encompass Investor-State Dispute Settlement mechanisms, such as those in Section B of this Chapter that are provided for in international treaties or trade agreements.

3 This Article shall be interpreted in accordance with Annex 8-A.

4 For greater certainty, a condition for the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage pursuant to paragraph 3 does not constitute a “commitment or undertaking” for the purposes of this paragraph.

5 For greater certainty, paragraph 1 is not to be construed to prevent a Party, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, or operation of an investment of an investor of a Party or of a non-party in its territory, from imposing or enforcing a requirement or enforcing a commitment or undertaking to locate production, train or employ workers, or construct or expand particular facilities, in its territory, provided that such activity is consistent with paragraph 1(f).

6 The Parties recognise that a patent does not necessarily confer market power.

7 For the purposes of this Article, sub-national government does not include local government.

8 For Korea, local government means a local government as defined in the Local Autonomy Act.

9 For greater certainty, Article 8.11.1 shall be interpreted in accordance with Annex 8-B.

10 Some forms of debt, such as bonds, debentures, and long-term notes, are more likely to have the characteristics of an investment, while other forms of debt are less likely to have such characteristics.

11 For greater certainty, market share, market access, expected gains, and opportunities for profit-making are not, by themselves, investments.

12 For greater certainty, it is understood that an investor of a Party “seeks” to make an investment in the territory of the other Party only if the investor has taken concrete steps necessary to make said investment, such as when the investor

13 For greater certainty, whether an investor’s investment-backed expectations are reasonable depends in part, on the nature and extent of governmental regulation in the relevant sector. For example, an investor’s expectations that regulations will not change are less likely to be reasonable in a heavily regulated sector than in a less heavily regulated sector.

14 For greater certainty, the list of “legitimate public welfare objectives” in subparagraph (d) is not exhaustive.

Chapter 9:

1 For greater certainty, the application of Articles 9.4 and 9.7 to measures adopted or maintained by a Party affecting the supply of a service in its territory by a covered investment is limited by the scope and coverage specified in this Article, subject to any applicable non-conforming measures and exceptions. For greater certainty, this Chapter, including this paragraph, is not subject to investor-State dispute settlement under Section B of Chapter Eight (Investor – State Dispute Settlement).

2 This sub-subparagraph does not apply to measures of a Party that limit inputs for the supply of services.

3 For the purposes of this Article, sub-national government does not include local government.

4 For Korea, local government means a local government as defined in the Local Autonomy Act.

5 For the purposes of Articles 9.2 and 9.3, the treatment that a Party is required to accord to a service supplier of the other Party pursuant to these Articles extends to the relevant services supplied by that service supplier. For the purposes of Articles 9.2 and 9.3, “service suppliers” has the same meaning as “services and service suppliers” as used in Articles XVII and II of the GATS, respectively.

Chapter 10:

1 This sub-subparagraph does not apply to measures of a Party which limit inputs for the supply of financial services.

2 A Party may require a cross-border financial service supplier of the other Party to provide information, solely for informational or statistical purposes, on the financial services it has supplied within the territory of the Party. The Party shall protect confidential business information from disclosure that would prejudice the competitive position of the supplier.

3 The Parties understand that this Article does not prevent a financial institution of a Party from applying to the other Party to consider authorising the supply of a financial service that is supplied in neither Party’s territory. Such application is subject to the domestic law of the Party to which the application is made and, for greater certainty, is not subject to the obligations of this Article.

4 For greater certainty, this Article does not limit a Party’s ability to require the chief executive officer of a financial institution established under its law to reside within its territory.

5 For the purposes of this Article, sub-national government does not include local government.

6 For Korea, local government means a local government as defined in the Local Autonomy Act.

7 For greater certainty, Article 10.5applies to an amendment to any non-conforming measure referred to in subparagraph (a) only to the extent that the amendment decreases the conformity of the measure, as it existed on the date of entry into force of the Agreement, with Article 10.5.

8 The Parties understand that the term “prudential reasons” includes the maintenance of the safety, soundness, integrity, or financial responsibility of individual financial institutions or cross-border financial service suppliers.

9 It is understood that an investor of a Party “seeks” to make an investment in the territory of the other Party only if the investor has taken concrete steps necessary to make said investment, such as when the investor has made an application for a permit or license authorising the establishment of an investment.

10 “Consultancy” means activities such as providing advice on corporate strategy formulation, marketing strategy, or product development strategy.

11 “Risk assessment” means activities such as risk analysis, risk prevention, or expert advice related to difficult or unusual risks.

12 “Financial information” referred to in paragraph 7(a) does not include general financial or business information that is included within a general circulation publication or provided for a general audience.

13 For greater certainty, this requirement is without prejudice to other means of prudential regulation.

1 For the purposes of this Article and Article 15.3, “maintain” means designated prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement and existing on that date.

2 For greater certainty, terms of designation may be amended.

3 For greater certainty, this provision applies to the sale of the designated monopoly good or service in the case of a designated monopoly supplier and to the purchase of the designated monopoly good or service in the case of a designated monopoly buyer.

4 This provision is not to be construed to prevent a designated monopoly from supplying the monopoly good or service in accordance with specified rates approved, or other terms or conditions established, by a regulatory authority of a Party, provided that such rates or other terms or conditions are not inconsistent with subparagraph (c) or (d).

5 For greater certainty, this provision applies to the sale of the monopoly good or service in the case of a designated monopoly supplier and to the purchase of the monopoly good or service in the case of a designated monopoly buyer.

Chapter 16:

1 A Party may require an adequate representation, or description, of the sign.

2 For the purpose of determining whether a mark is well-known, a Party shall not require that the reputation of the trademark extend beyond the sector of the public that normally deals with the relevant goods or services.

3 Geographical indications are, for the purposes of this Article, indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.

4 For greater certainty, an individual component of a multi-component term that is protected as a geographical indication in a Party under this Article shall not be protected in that Party where the individual component is a term customary in the common language as the common name for the associated goods.

5 “Legal means” includes recognition of these terms without additional action required by the geographical indication right-holder and the provision of remedies consistent with Articles 16.13.1 through 16.13.4, 16.13.6, and 16.13.7. Parties shall discuss enforcement issues such as civil or border measures, etc. under the Committee established pursuant to Article 16.18. The Parties may apply opposition and cancellation procedures to the protection provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2.

6 The Parties reaffirm that it is a matter for each Party’s law to prescribe that works in general or any specified categories of works, performances and phonograms shall not be protected by copyright or related rights unless they have been fixed in some material form.

7 For the purposes of this Chapter, a “performance” means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified.

8 The agreed statements in the WCT and WPPT that are applicable to the rights of reproduction provided by the agreements and treaties listed in paragraph 1 apply as well to this paragraph, including any agreed statements concerning limitations and exceptions.

9 A Party may determine limitations and exceptions with regard to temporary reproductions under that Party’s domestic law.

10 A Party may satisfy the obligation in this paragraph by implementing such a right in accordance with the WPPT.

11 For the purposes of this Article, “technological measures” means any technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operation, is designed to prevent or restrict acts, in respect of works, performances, or phonograms, which are not authorised by authors, performers or producers of phonograms, as provided for by a Party’s domestic law. Without prejudice to the scope of copyright or related rights contained in a Party’s domestic law, technological measures are deemed effective where the use of protected works, performances, or phonograms is controlled by authors, performers or producers of phonograms through the application of a relevant access control or protection process, such as encryption or scrambling, or a copy control mechanism, which achieves the objective of protection.

12 For the purposes of this Article, “rights management information” means:

13 For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treatthe term “inventive step” as synonymous with “non obvious” and the term “capable of industrial application” as synonymous with “useful.”

14 A Party may exclude protection of undisclosed information from the scope of this Article.

15 For the purposes of this Article, “right holder” includes a federation or an association having the legal standing and authority to assert such rights, and also includes a person that exclusively has any one or more of the intellectual property rights encompassed in a given intellectual property.

16 For greater certainty, a Party may exclude from the application of this Article cases of copyright or related rights infringement where an infringer did not knowingly, or with reasonable grounds to know, engage in infringing activity.

17 For greater certainty, a Party is not obliged to provide for the possibility of the remedies in paragraphs 10 through 12 to be ordered in parallel.

18 Footnote 18 A Party may also provide that the right holder is not be entitled to any of the remedies set out in paragraphs 10 through 14 in the case of a finding of non-use of a trademark.

19 The presumptions referred to in this subparagraph may include a presumption that the amount of damages is:

20 “In-transit “ means the movement of shipments or goods under customs procedures under which shipments or goods are:

21 For greater certainty, there is no obligation for a Party to provide for the possibility of imprisonment and monetary fines to be imposed in parallel.

22 For instance, without prejudice to a Party’s law, adopting or maintaining a regime providing for limitations on the liability of, or on the remedies available against, online service providers while preserving the legitimate interests of right holder.

Chapter 17:

1 Consultations for Article17.5.1 are restricted to those matters with merit where trade or investment effect can be established.

2 Prior to the request for a Panel of Experts, a Party should consider whether that Party maintains environmental law that is substantially equivalent in scope to those that would be the subject of the panel review.

3 For greater clarity, a report shall include recommendations only, and shall not address the issue of remedy, such as trade sanctions or fines.

Chapter 18:

1 To establish a violation of an obligation under this Article, a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to ensure its labour law embodies and provides protection for the principles concerning the internationally-recognised labour rights referred to in this Article in a matter related to trade or investment.

2 To establish a violation under this Article, a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to effectively enforce its labour law through a sustained or recurring course of action or inaction in a matter related to trade or investment, and that the matter of dispute is covered by mutually-recognised labour law.

3 Recognising the principle of reciprocity, prior to the request for a Review Panel, each Party shall consider whether the obligations under this Chapter apply to a reasonably meaningful portion of its own labour force in its own territory.

4 A Party should resort to dispute settlement under this Article only in cases with merit that are related to trade or investment.

Chapter 21:

1 As provided under Articles 22.2 (National Security) and 22.5 (Disclosure of Information), a panel shall not require a Party to furnish or allow access to information of the type identified in those provisions.

2 In interpreting the terms “the existence or consistency with” and “measures taken to comply”, a compliance panel established under this Article shall take into account relevant jurisprudence under the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

Chapter 22:

1 Korea shall endeavour to provide that such measures will be price-based.

2 For greater certainty, the term “restricted assets” in this subparagraph refers only to assets invested in the territory of Korea by an investor of Canada that are restricted from being transferred out of the territory of Korea.

3 “Current transactions” shall have the meaning set forth in Article XXX(d) of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund and, for greater certainty, shall include interest pursuant to a loan or bond on any restricted amortisation payments coming due during the period that controls on capital transactions are applied.